在p12文件上更改密码

Question

我使用推送证书从客户端转发了一个p12文件.

我是否可以在没有任何后果的情况下更改此p12文件的密码？如果是,我可以使用以下内容:

openssl pkcs12 -in Certificates.p12 -out temp.pem -passin pass: -passout        
pass:temppassword
openssl pkcs12 -export -in temp.pem -out Certificates-final.p12 -passin     
pass:temppassword -passout pass:newpa­ssword
rm -rf temp.pem

我发现这本网站上的点击这里

Answer 1

不,你不能没有分歧.
使用openssl导出PKCS#12内容将丢失在重新创建 PKCS#12 时无法恢复的信息.
元数据对您来说是否重要取决于您的PKCS#12内容和您的用例.

似乎没有办法简单地用openssl"更改容器的密码".(但是,您可以使用Java keytool来执行此操作,我稍后会解释.)

TL; DR:使用它而不是你的openssl命令: keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore source.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass:file ssp -destkeystore dest.p12 -deststoretype PKCS12 -deststorepass:file dsp -destkeypass:file dsp

OpenSSL的

以下是重新创建的PKCS#12与原始版本之间的比较,来自我用于测试的旧(且无效)德国税务登录密钥库.

在我的情况下,以这种方式重新创建的PKCS#12 不再对预期的应用程序(基于证书的登录)有效/工作,所以我必须找到不同的解决方案.

简短概述(原始,然后重新创建的文件):

$ openssl pkcs12 -info -in Certificates.p12 -noout
Enter Import Password:
MAC:sha1 Iteration 1024
PKCS7 Data
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 1024
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 1024
PKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 1024
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag

$ openssl pkcs12 -info -in Certificates-final.p12 -noout
Enter Import Password:
MAC:sha1 Iteration 2048
PKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 2048
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
PKCS7 Data
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 2048

现在是原始导出的PEM文件内容与重新创建的PKCS#12的重新导出的PEM之间的差异.(我已经编辑了一些base64行,并且还重新排序了输出中的PEM数据,以使差异更短,更改更明显.)
您可以看到原始有两个私钥(签名密钥和加密密钥),而新的只有一个,以及证书袋上丢失的元数据.还要注意它们是如何localKeyID改变的:

$ openssl pkcs12 -in Certificates.p12 -out temp.pem
$ openssl pkcs12 -in Certificates-final.p12 -out temp2.pem

$ diff -up temp.pem temp2.pem
--- temp.pem
+++ temp2.pem
@@ -1,74 +1,38 @@
 Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: encryptionkey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 47 44
+    localKeyID: DD 42 1D 23 0E 11 BB D7 0D 54 B7 10 D0 C6 F5 40 B6 B5 2C A4
 Key Attributes: <No Attributes>
 -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQIpJIbNX5suS8CAggA
-MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECEUOqFMc2ya4BIIEyKcSq/QtaSQe
-KaGI+xHwWXmJ8kPova4Ypjy9ELFYH/qpOlfyvE2NUE8sTPfMmTGZfVgmzajZiAkv
-2bGbJJqotmBnX7Kq4R+p8rAsMNQeyc6Hz6HOFHB2u51m/+v6U89BnxZjzYPfBLrL
-mtEJJoEKLrwjh4lCZuEQjQ==
+MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQIStmsb0FWO6ECAggA
+MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECFnnIOcMl607BIIEyJeDvQMny+9a
+g38QaURLMHGW1ZcSl1SQL3aISeF9OOVNDT6SdpH9ta+ZiBL47KYYRmzb/mrkAk8w
+xEdaY/v8/l4zo86XS3ZXX9/59rieb3YAm6GfyTAYyAwU+xMz0FHPtWjN0sWKFamx
+49Gel9yYCtfc9oRKdvaBuQ==
 -----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
 Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: signaturekey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 41 41
-Key Attributes: <No Attributes>
------BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQIw8wbVkc1YxICAggA
-MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECCUFgpxoljgKBIIEyCIseTm0Y7uL
-6IaAqRqwPxb64iBLLN9E/XOkA5ZAzO4MgSsZieZQfpXLJPdTdnKx9WauzpDGVfs5
-p+i5Dmrl9olI2wEOCGdoG7YzzVh4SoTAf/4v9yJRylCXREoYDdK/EM09Am1XWRVa
-fqNaWVRO/1vfv7Rgc2Mwbw==
------END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
-Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: encryptionkey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 47 44
+    localKeyID: DD 42 1D 23 0E 11 BB D7 0D 54 B7 10 D0 C6 F5 40 B6 B5 2C A4
 subject=/serialNumber=991954729C/CN=991954729
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=CA/CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -96,8 +60,7 @@ QmpEFSHJxYXOtyar3x9Viad9r9KtcVViJxe/cpVE
 u4rfbLegLqZsXPVlY+6+k/vokTD9Oc0IdXHNk1u1dSTUc4rvxohZAxKW+5/EoLar
 +AajwQNu5CmFz76Y6tDOS7XqUFkdu6JNMvBfuFNAng2GXwo/l8LsstAz/w==
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
-Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA,OU=CA,O=Elster,C=DE
+Bag Attributes: <No Attributes>
 subject=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=CA/CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=RootCA/CN=ElsterRootCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -126,8 +89,7 @@ SxtMZZVZ6RuHLwfz+QYJ+uKghjImnZ7Gy93+S1yD
 FwWQnJ1RBEUTIwMI9rrIGH5R4sUzfeS6YvJOCTcO372IC1CKRpx3odvLFR+FYM7/
 nO/mlyfpTHkJrRm1IavqyBq0rUKbTUP7
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
-Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: CN=ElsterRootCA,OU=RootCA,O=Elster,C=DE
+Bag Attributes: <No Attributes>
 subject=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=RootCA/CN=ElsterRootCA
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=RootCA/CN=ElsterRootCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -156,9 +118,7 @@ EgzvybfTPjUTXr4G1FZyAJkUAw4EdHZ8K2fIijy6
 VThgfYVrIfjKr00WsIW1QC3aWWCfgs19UjeLOPtydDgsU+UBAZg/fFTKYwQpx1Jg
 n8L8DNLudrfbsj6m7Ir39fVi634a+v9k
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
-Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: signaturekey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 41 41
+Bag Attributes: <No Attributes>
 subject=/serialNumber=991954729A/CN=991954729
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=CA/CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -186,8 +146,7 @@ vByFoXLDf57jp0k2wGws31IBsPDmzlhlwziMstzk
 u4rfbLegLqZsXPVlY+6+k/vokTD9Oc0IdXHNk1u1dSTUc4rvxohZAxKW+5/EoLar
 zH7xfL59iS81Ok7F3kyWroq7Y6L5iG3+aXEVJyA9FfuGY2dKSVliqNQzEA==
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
-Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA,OU=CA,O=Elster,C=DE
+Bag Attributes: <No Attributes>
 subject=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=CA/CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=RootCA/CN=ElsterRootCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -216,8 +175,7 @@ SxtMZZVZ6RuHLwfz+QYJ+uKghjImnZ7Gy93+S1yD
 jftsxZFkkWV/2zx5Lw/pTruKSlWx4bSC9oWB9Tk1w10ST80JsVCFoeezonHq8zLF
 nO/mlyfpTHkJrRm1IavqyBq0rUKbTUP7
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
-Bag Attributes
-    friendlyName: CN=ElsterRootCA,OU=RootCA,O=Elster,C=DE
+Bag Attributes: <No Attributes>
 subject=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=RootCA/CN=ElsterRootCA
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=RootCA/CN=ElsterRootCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

除了丢失的元数据,在这里丢失一个私钥,对我来说似乎实际上很成问题.因此,请确保测试您的新PKCS#12,并可能在安全的位置备份您的旧PKCS!
经过测试

$ openssl version
OpenSSL 1.1.0f  25 May 2017

密钥工具

keytool是一个密钥和证书管理实用程序,是Java JRE的一部分,用于管理Java的密钥库.在这种情况下,我使用OpenJDK的版本.
您可能会在(在Linux上)/usr/bin/keytool或在Java安装中找到它,例如在/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/keytool.

随着keytool你只能改变容器密码(密钥存储密码),不接触任何键内(这可能不是你想要的,虽然):

$ keytool -list -storetype pkcs12 -keystore Certificates.p12
Enter keystore password:
Keystore type: PKCS12
Keystore provider: SunJSSE

Your keystore contains 2 entries

encryptionkey, Jan 1, 2012, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): DD:42:1D:23:0E:11:BB:D7:0D:54:B7:10:D0:C6:F5:40:B6:B5:2C:A4
signaturekey, Jan 1, 2012, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): 18:F6:3F:FA:29:79:08:18:34:9A:99:CA:B7:47:AD:B0:36:49:A2:EB

现在我们更改容器密码: 这会覆盖旧文件

$ keytool -storetype pkcs12 -keystore Certificates.p12 -storepasswd
Enter keystore password:
New keystore password:
Re-enter new keystore password:

并比较结果:

$ keytool -list -storetype pkcs12 -keystore Certificates.p12
Enter keystore password:
Keystore type: PKCS12
Keystore provider: SunJSSE

Your keystore contains 2 entries

encryptionkey, Jan 1, 2012, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): DD:42:1D:23:0E:11:BB:D7:0D:54:B7:10:D0:C6:F5:40:B6:B5:2C:A4
signaturekey, Jan 1, 2012, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): 18:F6:3F:FA:29:79:08:18:34:9A:99:CA:B7:47:AD:B0:36:49:A2:EB

$ openssl pkcs12 -info -in Certificates.p12 -noout
Enter Import Password:
MAC:sha1 Iteration 100000
PKCS7 Data
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 1024
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 1024
PKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 50000
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag

因此keytool升级了迭代计数,但保留了容器中的密钥别名信息(encryptionkey/signaturekey)和文件顺序.

但是请注意,这只是改变了PKCS#12密钥库的密码,它并没有触及任何加密私钥的密码.如果您使用PKCS#12存储具有不同加密密码的不同密钥,这将非常有用.但这也意味着你需要记住所有这些,并且你不能再使用openssl导出这些密钥,因为openssl只能处理与PKCS#12容器共享相同密码的密钥:

$ openssl pkcs12 -in Certificates.p12 -out temp0.pem
Enter Import Password:
Error outputting keys and certificates
140661347983616:error:06065064:digital envelope routines:EVP_DecryptFinal_ex:bad decrypt:../crypto/evp/evp_enc.c:535:
140661347983616:error:23077074:PKCS12 routines:PKCS12_pbe_crypt:pkcs12 cipherfinal error:../crypto/pkcs12/p12_decr.c:63:
140661347983616:error:2306A075:PKCS12 routines:PKCS12_item_decrypt_d2i:pkcs12 pbe crypt error:../crypto/pkcs12/p12_decr.c:94:

然后,您只能使用-nokeys以下方法从此文件导出证书:

$ openssl pkcs12 -in Certificates.p12 -out temp0.pem -nokeys

最后,要实际更改密钥库/容器密码和内部加密的密钥密码(这很可能是您想要的),您可以使用此魔术调用:

$ keytool -importkeystore \
    -srckeystore "${SRCFILE}" -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass:file ssp \
    -destkeystore "${DSTFILE}" -deststoretype PKCS12 -deststorepass:file dsp -destkeypass:file dsp

Importing keystore Certificates.p12 to Certificates-final.p12...
Entry for alias encryptionkey successfully imported.
Entry for alias signaturekey successfully imported.
Import command completed:  2 entries successfully imported, 0 entries failed or cancelled

$ rm ssp dsp

凡SRCFILE和DSTFILE是你的PKCS#分别为12文件,ssp并dsp 为你写安全的源极和dest-密码短语来,早期(密钥工具也可以从使用环境变量读取文件:env来代替:file.你可以通过在命令行上的密码短语,但请记住,这是最不安全的,并记录在您的shell历史记录中.)

在重新创建PKCS#12之后,您可以验证是否保留了元数据和内容的顺序:

$ keytool -list -storetype pkcs12 -keystore Certificates-final.p12
Enter keystore password:
Keystore type: PKCS12
Keystore provider: SunJSSE

Your keystore contains 2 entries

encryptionkey, Jun 17, 2018, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): DD:42:1D:23:0E:11:BB:D7:0D:54:B7:10:D0:C6:F5:40:B6:B5:2C:A4
signaturekey, Jun 17, 2018, PrivateKeyEntry,
Certificate fingerprint (SHA1): 18:F6:3F:FA:29:79:08:18:34:9A:99:CA:B7:47:AD:B0:36:49:A2:EB

$ openssl pkcs12 -info -in Certificates-final.p12 -noout
Enter Import Password:
MAC:sha1 Iteration 100000
PKCS7 Data
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 50000
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 50000
PKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 50000
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag
Certificate bag

$ openssl pkcs12 -in Certificates-final.p12 -out temp3.pem
Enter Import Password:
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:

(再次,为简洁起见,我已经修改了PEM的一些base64行)

$ diff -up temp.pem temp3.pem
--- temp.pem
+++ temp3.pem
@@ -1,74 +1,74 @@
 Bag Attributes
     friendlyName: encryptionkey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 47 44
+    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 45 62 39 32 65 75 33 40 45 47 47 42
 Key Attributes: <No Attributes>
 -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQI/f7cW8Pvi6MCAggA
-MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECErznPIoMLg5BIIEyImqsql6iZH7
-I+ig1yWIlimEVNmSlgT1klEFnR83b8rIohq4cvX8lcrCs/5POc22023zlHx8dSnB
-+3OxV/uoGIwU3IhXlNb41dt3fF349dbnwJrDcv4Fw3lfc0v2Wl3P1b17P9/LJeUa
-EmmUy4UHQU2THwLQctyD1A==
+MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQI9UYIDREjVVYCAggA
+MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECLWYUFhHE9lJBIIEyOIA+7TqLJ+V
+lpHBcm4GIwfiEuCRHBBxHg1QGeEN7MHW5imXe4ktFPlYJFU5jCZeHVyP+mkEEiNL
+PbozodEkdGweAGnpE2+wbOQOl67q+XdICgqRZAosjBUSnBOFYH0Lk8Gr/n0NNrdR
+yohBYL8PfeKyAzL4wKm5hQ==
 -----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
 Bag Attributes
     friendlyName: signaturekey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 41 41
+    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 45 62 39 32 65 75 33 40 45 46 43 40
 Key Attributes: <No Attributes>
 -----BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
-MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQI8VzhkYDa8/oCAggA
-MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECIP5tmyQb2b/BIIEyNGpbxkv286e
-5gjectU9q6yecwP6/w2jGLN3jNwsUN3+3Zn92BRoPKsn5j5WryP4G/mu0QJnLmFM
-Cy92Cu41oUeR+q9ePmj+Z1Tjj//8uq4D5F0wZhcPjnhNqdnENfLxkt+CGywoX25A
-4Ia+Pt5EmZmx9vpca4j13Q==
+MIIFHDBOBgkqhkiG9w0BBQ0wQTApBgkqhkiG9w0BBQwwHAQIN7z1PFx1ONACAggA
+MAwGCCqGSIb3DQIJBQAwFAYIKoZIhvcNAwcECFI18ERY6QXpBIIEyIDmBKgCkqbK
+HF9qm8etjBpoyuBtElaNNyeQA9QwYCD2I0vYsPVcOGRE8VO6LmmFXIvx/KcK8rxi
+QSb4K6eM2VcrZqBqw6hHONi5/CkxYQpBcHCLOH+V/CR4i2BHu7pl/JdAIx/7emMX
+ul0+m+zoGCHlpWuOkCSe+A==
 -----END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY-----
 Bag Attributes
     friendlyName: encryptionkey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 47 44
+    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 45 62 39 32 65 75 33 40 45 47 47 42
 subject=/serialNumber=991954729C/CN=991954729
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=CA/CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ n8L8DNLudrfbsj6m7Ir39fVi634a+v9k
 -----END CERTIFICATE-----
 Bag Attributes
     friendlyName: signaturekey
-    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 43 63 35 33 6D 7A 30 45 44 47 41 41
+    localKeyID: 54 4B 6A 30 42 67 45 62 39 32 65 75 33 40 45 46 43 40
 subject=/serialNumber=991954729A/CN=991954729
 issuer=/C=DE/O=Elster/OU=CA/CN=ElsterIdNrSoftCA
 -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

我们看到私钥已被重新加密(更新时间戳由keytool显示),但与openssl的输出相比,这次,除了迭代计数的变化外,只有localKeyID发生了变化.
一切都在那里,按照原来的顺序.好多了!

这是否足够接近原始文件,取决于您的用例.升级的迭代计数可以更好地防止对密钥的暴力攻击,但如果您需要将它们与旧的浏览器或操作系统一起使用而无法处理如此高的迭代次数,则可能会致命.(因为那些是IE 4.0和WinNT时代,但在大多数情况下这应该不是问题.)

使用此过程keytool,我可以以对我的应用程序仍然可用且有效的方式更改PKCS#12密钥的密码.

Answer 2

我只是偶然发现了这个页面。它有效吗？

为了避免死链接，这里是博客文章的内容：

通过以下过程，您可以使用 openssl 更改 .pfx 证书上的密码。

将当前证书导出为无密码 pem 类型：[user@hostname]>openssl pkcs12 -in mycert.pfx -out tmpmycert.pem -nodes 输入导入密码：MAC 验证 OK

将无密码 pem 转换为带有密码的新 pfx 文件：[user@hostname]openssl pkcs12 -export -out mycert2.pfx -in tmpmycert.pem 输入导出密码：正在验证 - 输入导出密码：

删除临时文件：[user@hostname]rm tmpmycert.pem

现在您已完成并可以使用带有新密码的新 mycert2.pfx 文件。

Answer 3

不会有问题。

PFX 是一个加密容器，更改容器密码不会影响容器内的证书。