如何在不下载完整页面的情况下确定 HTTP 状态？

Question

我想知道使用 Ubuntu 的网站的 HTTP 状态。我已经为此目的使用curl和wget命令。但问题是这些命令下载完整的网站页面，然后搜索标题并将其显示在屏幕上。例如：

$ curl -I trafficinviter.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Mon, 02 Jan 2017 14:13:14 GMT
Server: Apache
X-Pingback: http://trafficinviter.com/xmlrpc.php
Link: <http://trafficinviter.com/>; rel=shortlink
Set-Cookie: wpfront-notification-bar-landingpage=1
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Wget下载完整页面并不必要地消耗我的带宽的命令也会发生同样的事情。

我正在寻找的是：如何在不实际下载任何页面的情况下获取 HTTP 状态代码，以便我可以节省带宽消耗。我曾尝试使用 curl 但不确定我是在下载完整的页面还是只是在我的系统中下载一个标题来获取状态代码。

Answer 1

curl -I仅获取HTTP 标头；它不会下载整个页面。来自man curl：

-I, --head
      (HTTP/FTP/FILE) Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature
      the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but  the  header
      of  a  document. When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl displays
      the file size and last modification time only.

另一种选择是安装lynx和使用lynx -head -dump.

HEAD 请求由 HTTP 1.1 协议 ( RFC 2616 ) 指定：

9.4 HEAD

   The HEAD method is identical to GET except that the server MUST NOT
   return a message-body in the response. The metainformation contained
   in the HTTP headers in response to a HEAD request SHOULD be identical
   to the information sent in response to a GET request. This method can
   be used for obtaining metainformation about the entity implied by the
   request without transferring the entity-body itself. This method is
   often used for testing hypertext links for validity, accessibility,
   and recent modification.

Answer 2

使用wget，您需要使用--spider选项来发送像 curl 的 HEAD 请求：

$ wget -S --spider https://google.com
Spider mode enabled. Check if remote file exists.
--2017-01-03 00:08:38--  https://google.com/
Resolving google.com (google.com)... 216.58.197.174
Connecting to google.com (google.com)|216.58.197.174|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 
  HTTP/1.1 302 Found
  Cache-Control: private
  Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
  Location: https://www.google.co.jp/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=...
  Content-Length: 262
  Date: Mon, 02 Jan 2017 15:08:38 GMT
  Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="35,34"
Location: https://www.google.co.jp/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=... [following]
Spider mode enabled. Check if remote file exists.
--2017-01-03 00:08:38--  https://www.google.co.jp/?gfe_rd=cr&ei=...
Resolving www.google.co.jp (www.google.co.jp)... 210.139.253.109, 210.139.253.93, 210.139.253.123, ...
Connecting to www.google.co.jp (www.google.co.jp)|210.139.253.109|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 
  HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  Date: Mon, 02 Jan 2017 15:08:38 GMT
  Expires: -1
  Cache-Control: private, max-age=0
  Content-Type: text/html; charset=Shift_JIS
  P3P: CP="This is not a P3P policy! See https://www.google.com/support/accounts/answer/151657?hl=en for more info."
  Server: gws
  X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
  X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
  Set-Cookie: NID=...; expires=Tue, 04-Jul-2017 15:08:38 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.co.jp; HttpOnly
  Alt-Svc: quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="35,34"
  Transfer-Encoding: chunked
  Accept-Ranges: none
  Vary: Accept-Encoding
Length: unspecified [text/html]
Remote file exists and could contain further links,
but recursion is disabled -- not retrieving.