无法安装 Ruby 包：无法构建 gem 本机扩展

Question

去年，我在博客https://railssavvy.wordpress.com/2012/06/02/install_ruby_and_rails/之后在 32 位 12.04 上安装了 ruby​​ 2.1.0 并打包了 pdfbeads ，并且它起作用了。现在看来我在64位14.04上安装了ruby 2.2.0，但是在安装pdfbeads时遇到了问题。

1. 安装 rvm 和 ruby​​：

   我听说 Ubuntu 存储库中的 ruby​​ 不起作用（但我不知道这是否仍然适用），所以我按照 https://railssavvy.wordpress.com/2012/06/02/install_ruby_and_rails/ 安装 rvm 和 ruby​​。我不确定我是否在以下方面做了正确的事情：

   gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
   
   curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable
   

   我最初是先运行的curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable，但它要求我gpg在它之前运行命令。

   然后我在 ~/.bashrc 中添加一行：

   PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.rvm/bin # Add RVM to PATH for scripting
   

   还有几行到 ~/.bash_profile ：

   [[ -s "$HOME/.profile" ]] && source "$HOME/.profile"
   [[ -s "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm" ]] && source "$HOME/.rvm/scripts/rvm"
   

   然后我跑了：

   source ~/.rvm/scripts/rvm
   rvm requirements
   rvm autolibs disable
   
   
   $ rvm install 2.2.0
   Already installed ruby-2.2.0.
   To reinstall use:
   
       rvm reinstall ruby-2.2.0
   

   它告诉我我已经安装了 ruby​​，然后我检查了前面命令的输出，发现curl -L get.rvm.io | bash -s stable似乎已经安装了 ruby​​。然后我跑了：

   rvm --default use 2.2.0
   

   我是否正确安装了 rvm 和 ruby​​？或者有没有更好的方法来做到这一点？

2. 现在我想安装一个包pdfbeads：

   $  gem install  pdfbeads
   Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
   ERROR:  Error installing pdfbeads:
       ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
   
       /home/t/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150322-21902-q15297.rb extconf.rb
   checking for Ruby version >= 1.8.5... yes
   checking for gcc... yes
   checking for Magick-config... no
   checking for pkg-config... yes
   checking for ImageMagick version >= 6.4.9... yes
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   checking for stdint.h... yes
   checking for sys/types.h... yes
   checking for wand/MagickWand.h... no
   
   Can't install RMagick 2.13.4. Can't find MagickWand.h.
   *** extconf.rb failed ***
   Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
   libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
   need configuration options.
   
   Provided configuration options:
       --with-opt-dir
       --without-opt-dir
       --with-opt-include
       --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
       --with-opt-lib
       --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
       --with-make-prog
       --without-make-prog
       --srcdir=.
       --curdir
       --ruby=/home/t/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
   
   extconf failed, exit code 1
   
   Gem files will remain installed in /home/t/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0/gems/rmagick-2.13.4 for inspection.
   Results logged to /home/t/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/rmagick-2.13.4/gem_make.out
   t@ocean:/h/t/./archives$ man gem
   No manual entry for gem
   See 'man 7 undocumented' for help when manual pages are not available.
   

   我按照这个链接https://askubuntu.com/a/528798/1471建议运行

   rvm install 2.2.0-dev
   

   之后似乎我仍然有同样的错误：

   $  gem install  pdfbeads
   Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
   ERROR:  Error installing pdfbeads:
       ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
   
       /home/t/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150322-24037-mauac1.rb extconf.rb
   checking for Ruby version >= 1.8.5... yes
   checking for gcc... yes
   checking for Magick-config... no
   checking for pkg-config... yes
   checking for ImageMagick version >= 6.4.9... yes
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   Package MagickCore was not found in the pkg-config search path.
   Perhaps you should add the directory containing `MagickCore.pc'
   to the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable
   No package 'MagickCore' found
   checking for stdint.h... yes
   checking for sys/types.h... yes
   checking for wand/MagickWand.h... no
   
   Can't install RMagick 2.13.4. Can't find MagickWand.h.
   *** extconf.rb failed ***
   Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
   libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
   need configuration options.
   
   Provided configuration options:
       --with-opt-dir
       --without-opt-dir
       --with-opt-include
       --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
       --with-opt-lib
       --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
       --with-make-prog
       --without-make-prog
       --srcdir=.
       --curdir
       --ruby=/home/t/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.0/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME)
   
   extconf failed, exit code 1
   
   Gem files will remain installed in /home/t/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0/gems/rmagick-2.13.4 for inspection.
   Results logged to /home/t/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/rmagick-2.13.4/gem_make.out
   

   我想知道如何安装pdfbeads软件包？

谢谢！

Answer 1

要检查您的 ruby​​ 版本是否设置正确，您可以使用以下命令。

$ which ruby
  /path/to/ruby
$ ruby --version
  ruby 2.1.5p273 (2014-11-13 revision 48405) [x86_64-darwin13.0]

在你的情况下，看起来ruby设置得很好。Rvm 只是一个帮助您管理红宝石的工具。你会知道如果你不喜欢它。

有关于为什么安装gem失败的线索。特别，

checking for Ruby version >= 1.8.5... yes
checking for gcc... yes
checking for Magick-config... no                   <------   There's your problem
checking for pkg-config... yes
checking for ImageMagick version >= 6.4.9... yes

您缺少 gem 成功构建所需的库。 此解决方案表明它在存储库中可用。所以，你应该能够安装它：

sudo apt-get install libmagickwand-dev

完成后，您应该能够安装 gem。

gem install  pdfbeads

注意：我还没有测试过这个解决方案，更谨慎的读者可能会注意到我在这里不再使用 ubuntu。如果这不能让您排序，请发表评论。