跟踪在对另一个用户执行 sudo 后执行了哪些命令

Question

我已经提供sudo给十个用户成为另一个像nsup.

我想跟踪哪个用户在成为nsup. 如果有一种方法可以将日志文件存储在一个公共文件中，那就太好了。

我试过查看/var/log/secure，但从那里我无法区分哪个用户在成为nsup. 它只显示哪个用户执行了命令变成了 nsup，除此之外什么也没有。

Answer 1

如果您的用户使用 bash，您可以使用 /etc/bash.bash_logout 脚本以时间戳格式保存额外的历史副本。

例如，我编写了以下内容来提供有关谁做了什么以及何时做了什么的审计跟踪（在具有多个 sudo 用户的服务器上），并在机器被破坏时保留历史记录：

#! /bin/bash

# /etc/bash.bash_logout
#
# Time-stamped bash history logging
# by Craig Sanders <cas@taz.net.au> 2008
#
# This script is public domain.  Do whatever you want with it.

exec >& /dev/null

# LOGDIR must already exist and must be mode 1777 (same as /tmp)
# put it somewhere easily overlooked by script-kiddies.  /var/log 
# is a bad location because slightly-brighter-than-average SK's will
# often 'rm -rf /var/log' to cover their tracks.
LOGDIR='/var/tmp/.history'

[ -d "$LOGDIR" ] || exit 0

# Get current user name and who they logged in as.
CNAME=$(id -u -n)
LNAME=$(who am i | awk '{print $1}')
NAME="$LNAME--$CNAME"

# Get the TTY
TTY=$(tty)

# get the hostname and ip they logged in from
# short (non-fqdn) hostname:
RHOST_NAME=$(who -m  | awk '{print $5}' | sed -r -e 's/[()]|\..*//g')
# or full hostname:
#RHOST_NAME=$(who -m  | awk '{print $5}' | sed -r -e 's/[()]//g')

# if no RHOST_NAME, then login was on the console.
echo "$RHOST_NAME" | grep -q '[:/]' && RHOST_NAME="console"

# get the IP address
RHOST_IP=$(who -m --ips | awk '{print $5}')
echo "$RHOST_IP" | grep -q '[:/]' && RHOST_IP="console"

RHOST=$(echo "$RHOST_NAME--$RHOST_IP")

WHERE="$RHOST--$TTY"
WHERE=$(echo "$WHERE" | sed -e 's/\//-/g' -e 's/^-//')

# Filenames will be of the form:
# $LOGDIR/cas--root--localhost--127.0.0.1---dev-pts-1
# Ugly, but useful/informative. This example shows I logged in as cas
# from localhost, sudo-ed to root, and my tty was /dev/pts/1
HISTLOG="$LOGDIR/$NAME--$WHERE"


# Optionally rotate HISTLOG on each logout, otherwise new history
# sessions just get appended.
#[ -e "$HISTLOG" ] && savelog -l -c 21 -q $HISTLOG > /dev/null 2>&1

# Log some easily parseable info as a prelude, including the current
# history settings (an unusual HISTFILE or zero HISTSIZE setting is
# suspicious and worthy of investigation)

cat <<__EOF__ >> "$HISTLOG"

### TIME ### $(date +'%a,%Y-%m-%d,%H:%M:%S')
### FROM ### $RHOST_NAME,$RHOST_IP,$TTY
### USER ### $LNAME,$CNAME
### WHOM ### $(who -m)
### HIST ### $HISTFILE,$HISTSIZE

__EOF__


# Setting HISTTIMEFORMAT seems to be buggy. bash man page says it uses
# strftime, but all it seems to care about is whether it's set or not -
# 'history -a' always uses seconds since epoch, regardless of what it is
# set to.

HISTTIMEFORMAT="%s"
history -a "$HISTLOG"


# Now write history as normal (this seems buggy too. bash used to always
# write $HISTFILE anyway, but now it won't do it if you've already run
# 'history -a')

unset HISTTIMEFORMAT
history -w