Mou*_*inX 8 networking boot nfs systemd usb-device
我的笔记本电脑有一个 USB 以太网适配器。显然，网络直到启动过程的后期才出现。我的 NFS 共享没有在启动时挂载。但是，只要笔记本电脑启动，我就可以使用以下命令挂载所有共享：
mount -a -t nfs,nfs4
没有错误，此时一切都很好。但是，我希望共享在启动时自动挂载。因此，这不是NFS 配置问题。我相信这个问题与 systemd、启动过程以及 USB 以太网适配器可用性的时间有关。
这是我知道要检查的所有内容，包括日志的相关部分，显示在 NFS 共享放弃尝试挂载后网络出现。我包含了相关的配置文件，但它们没有从默认值中改变（据我所知）。
Jul 31 21:22:32 host systemd[1]: Mounted /var/log.
...
Jul 31 21:22:33 host mount[898]: mount.nfs: Network is unreachable
...
Jul 31 21:22:34 host mount[880]: mount.nfs: Resource temporarily unavailable
Jul 31 21:22:34 host systemd[1]: share1.mount: Mount process exited, code=exited status=32
Jul 31 21:22:34 host systemd[1]: share1.mount: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 31 21:22:34 host autossh[896]: starting ssh (count 9)
Jul 31 21:22:34 host autossh[896]: ssh child pid is 1033
Jul 31 21:22:34 host systemd[1]: Failed to mount /share1.
...
Jul 31 21:22:37 host autossh[899]: ssh: connect to host 10.10.0.201 port 22: Network is unreachable
Jul 31 21:22:37 host autossh[899]: ssh exited with error status 255; restarting ssh
...
Jul 31 21:22:38 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533086558.3237] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTING
...
Jul 31 21:22:38 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533086558.3487] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL
Jul 31 21:22:38 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533086558.3492] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_SITE
Jul 31 21:22:38 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533086558.3493] policy: set 'Wired connection 1' (eth1) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS
Jul 31 21:22:38 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533086558.3497] device (eth1): Activation: successful, device activated.
Jul 31 21:22:38 host nm-dispatcher[1017]: req:3 'up' [eth1]: new request (0 scripts)
# systemctl status NetworkManager.service
? NetworkManager.service - Network Manager
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Drop-In: /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.d
??NetworkManager-ovs.conf
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-07-31 21:22:33 EDT; 42min ago
Docs: man:NetworkManager(8)
Main PID: 792 (NetworkManager)
Tasks: 3 (limit: 4915)
Memory: 33.4M
CGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service
??792 /usr/bin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
Jul 31 22:00:59 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088859.6259] dhcp4 (eth1): gateway 192.168.0.1
Jul 31 22:00:59 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088859.6334] dhcp4 (eth1): state changed bound -> bound
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7755] dhcp4 (eth1): address 192.168.0.237
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7756] dhcp4 (eth1): plen 24
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7756] dhcp4 (eth1): expires in 300 seconds
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7757] dhcp4 (eth1): nameserver '192.168.0.1'
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7758] dhcp4 (eth1): domain name 'oaks'
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7758] dhcp4 (eth1): hostname 'host'
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7759] dhcp4 (eth1): gateway 192.168.0.1
Jul 31 22:03:12 host NetworkManager[792]: <info> [1533088992.7769] dhcp4 (eth1): state changed bound -> bound
# systemctl status share1.mount
? share1.mount - /share1
Loaded: loaded (/etc/fstab; generated)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Tue 2018-07-31 21:22:34 EDT; 25min ago
Where: /share1
What: server:/share1/
Docs: man:fstab(5)
man:systemd-fstab-generator(8)
Jul 31 21:22:33 host systemd[1]: Mounting /share1...
Jul 31 21:22:34 host mount[880]: mount.nfs: Resource temporarily unavailable
Jul 31 21:22:34 host systemd[1]: share1.mount: Mount process exited, code=exited status=32
Jul 31 21:22:34 host systemd[1]: share1.mount: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Jul 31 21:22:34 host systemd[1]: Failed to mount /share1.
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service
[Unit]
Description=Network Manager
Documentation=man:NetworkManager(8)
Wants=network.target
After=network-pre.target dbus.service
Before=network.target
[Service]
Type=dbus
BusName=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager
ExecReload=/usr/bin/dbus-send --print-reply --system --type=method_call --dest=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.Reload uint32:0
#ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
ExecStart=/usr/bin/NetworkManager --no-daemon
Restart=on-failure
# NM doesn't want systemd to kill its children for it
KillMode=process
CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_NET_ADMIN CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE CAP_NET_RAW CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE CAP_SETGID CAP_SETUID CAP_SYS_MODULE CAP_AUDIT_WRITE CAP_KILL CAP_SYS_CHROOT
# ibft settings plugin calls iscsiadm which needs CAP_SYS_ADMIN
#CapabilityBoundingSet=CAP_SYS_ADMIN
ProtectSystem=true
ProtectHome=read-only
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
Alias=dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service
Also=NetworkManager-dispatcher.service
# We want to enable NetworkManager-wait-online.service whenever this service
# is enabled. NetworkManager-wait-online.service has
# WantedBy=network-online.target, so enabling it only has an effect if
# network-online.target itself is enabled or pulled in by some other unit.
Also=NetworkManager-wait-online.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service.d/NetworkManager-ovs.conf
[Unit]
After=openvswitch.service
# cat /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
# Configuration file for NetworkManager.
# See "man 5 NetworkManager.conf" for details.
# tree /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/
/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/
0 directories, 0 files
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager-wait-online.service
[Unit]
Description=Network Manager Wait Online
Documentation=man:nm-online(1)
Requires=NetworkManager.service
After=NetworkManager.service
Before=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/usr/bin/nm-online -s -q --timeout=30
RemainAfterExit=yes
[Install]
WantedBy=network-online.target
Arch Linux 4.17.11-arch1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Jul 29 10:11:16 UTC 2018 x86_64 GNU/Linux
KDE
更新：这是有关 fstab 的请求信息：
所有 nfs 挂载都有这些选项：
nfs _netdev,defaults,noatime,nodiratime,soft,retrans=6,timeo=20,retry=0,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,proto=tcp 0 0
我确实在使用 _netdev 和 systemd。在阅读了 Filipe Brandenburger 的评论后，我不确定这个选项在 systemd 下是没有意义还是有害。
systemctl cat share1.mount
# /run/systemd/generator/share1.mount
# Automatically generated by systemd-fstab-generator
[Unit]
SourcePath=/etc/fstab
Documentation=man:fstab(5) man:systemd-fstab-generator(8)
Before=remote-fs.target
[Mount]
Where=/share1
What=server:/share1/
Type=nfs
Options=_netdev,defaults,noatime,nodiratime,soft,retrans=6,timeo=20,retry=0,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,proto=tcp
# systemctl show -p Wants network-online.target
Wants=NetworkManager-wait-online.service
这是@sourcejedi 要求的信息的更新
sudo systemctl list-dependencies share1.mount
share1.mount
? ??-.mount
? ??home.mount
? ??system.slice
? ??network-online.target
sudo systemctl list-dependencies --after share1.mount
share1.mount
? ??-.mount
? ??home.mount
? ??system.slice
? ??systemd-journald.socket
? ??network-online.target
? ? ??network.target
? ? ??dhcpcd.service
? ? ??NetworkManager.service
? ? ??wpa_supplicant.service
? ? ??network-pre.target
? ??network.target
? ? ??dhcpcd.service
? ? ??NetworkManager.service
? ? ??wpa_supplicant.service
? ? ??network-pre.target
? ??remote-fs-pre.target
# sudo journalctl -b -u share1.mount -u network-online.target -u NetworkManager-wait-online -u NetworkManager --no-pager
-- Logs begin at Sun 2018-06-10 17:09:08 EDT, end at Sat 2018-12-22 19:07:16 EST. --
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 systemd[1]: Starting Network Manager...
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519518.3825] NetworkManager (version 1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1) is starting... (for the first time)
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519518.3826] Read config: /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf (lib: 20-connectivity.conf)
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519518.3836] wifi-nl80211: (wlan0): using nl80211 for WiFi device control
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519518.3895] bus-manager: acquired D-Bus service "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager"
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 systemd[1]: Started Network Manager.
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519518.3900] manager[0x55b8543f4060]: monitoring kernel firmware directory '/lib/firmware'.
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 systemd[1]: Reached target Network is Online.
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 systemd[1]: share1.mount: Directory /share1 to mount over is not empty, mounting anyway.
Dec 22 17:58:38 laptop1 systemd[1]: Mounting /share1...
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 mount[546]: mount.nfs: Network is unreachable
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 systemd[1]: share1.mount: Mount process exited, code=exited status=32
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 systemd[1]: share1.mount: Failed with result 'exit-code'.
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 systemd[1]: Failed to mount /share1.
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3695] hostname: hostname: using hostnamed
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3696] hostname: hostname changed from (none) to "laptop1"
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3698] dns-mgr[0x98059644079A]: init: dns=default, rc-manager=symlink
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3708] rfkill2: found WiFi radio killswitch (at /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.1/0000:03:00.0/ieee80211/phy0/rfkill2) (driver iwlwifi)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3711] manager[0x55b8543f4060]: rfkill: WiFi hardware radio set disabled
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3711] manager[0x55b8543f4060]: rfkill: WWAN hardware radio set enabled
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3926] settings: Loaded settings plugin: NMSKeyfilePlugin (internal)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3933] settings: Loaded settings plugin: NMSIbftPlugin ("/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-settings-plugin-ibft.so")
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3958] keyfile: new connection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/USB Ethernet Adapter 1 (fc9310,"USB Ethernet Adapter 1")
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3975] keyfile: new connection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/walden2
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3983] keyfile: new connection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/NETGEAR4
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3991] keyfile: new connection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/Tls5
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.3999] keyfile: new connection /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/JONES
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4062] manager: rfkill: WiFi disabled by radio killswitch; disabled by state file
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4063] manager: rfkill: WWAN enabled by radio killswitch; enabled by state file
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4064] manager: Networking is enabled by state file
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4066] dhcp-init: Using DHCP client 'internal'
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4129] Loaded device plugin: NMAtmManager (/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-device-plugin-adsl.so)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4210] Loaded device plugin: NMBluezManager (/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-device-plugin-bluetooth.so)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4232] Loaded device plugin: NMOvsFactory (/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-device-plugin-ovs.so)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4404] Loaded device plugin: NMTeamFactory (/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-device-plugin-team.so)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4420] Loaded device plugin: NMWifiFactory (/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-device-plugin-wifi.so)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4427] Loaded device plugin: NMWwanFactory (/usr/lib/NetworkManager/1.14.5dev+17+gba83251bb-1/libnm-device-plugin-wwan.so)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4435] device (lo): carrier: link connected
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4439] manager: (lo): new Generic device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4449] manager: (eth0): new Ethernet device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/2)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4461] device (eth0): state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed', sys-iface-state: 'external')
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4481] manager: (eth1): new Ethernet device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/3)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4491] device (eth1): state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed', sys-iface-state: 'external')
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4504] device (wlan0): driver supports Access Point (AP) mode
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4508] manager: (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/4)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4513] device (wlan0): state change: unmanaged -> unavailable (reason 'managed', sys-iface-state: 'external')
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4516] device (wlan0): set-hw-addr: set MAC address to 28:ab:29:45:F9:2B (scanning)
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4586] bluez: use BlueZ version 5
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.4656] bluez5: NAP: added interface 77:ab:29:45:F9:2F
Dec 22 17:58:39 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519519.5063] supplicant: wpa_supplicant running
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0759] device (eth1): carrier: link connected
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0792] device (eth1): state change: unavailable -> disconnected (reason 'carrier-changed', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0798] policy: auto-activating connection 'USB Ethernet Adapter 1' (fc9310)
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0804] device (eth1): Activation: starting connection 'USB Ethernet Adapter 1' (fc9310)
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0806] device (eth1): state change: disconnected -> prepare (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0810] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTING
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0895] device (eth1): state change: prepare -> config (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0899] device (eth1): state change: config -> ip-config (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:42 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519522.0902] dhcp4 (eth1): activation: beginning transaction (timeout in 45 seconds)
Dec 22 17:58:45 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519525.7908] device (eth1): carrier: link connected
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1025] dhcp4 (eth1): address 192.168.5.2
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1026] dhcp4 (eth1): plen 24
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1026] dhcp4 (eth1): expires in 108000 seconds
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1027] dhcp4 (eth1): nameserver '192.168.5.1'
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1027] dhcp4 (eth1): domain name 'wrkgrp'
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1027] dhcp4 (eth1): hostname 'usb_laptop1'
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1028] dhcp4 (eth1): gateway 192.168.5.1
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1040] dhcp4 (eth1): state changed unknown -> bound
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1075] device (eth1): state change: ip-config -> ip-check (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1108] device (eth1): state change: ip-check -> secondaries (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1117] device (eth1): state change: secondaries -> activated (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1134] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_LOCAL
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1153] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_SITE
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1155] policy: set 'USB Ethernet Adapter 1' (eth1) as default for IPv4 routing and DNS
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1161] device (eth1): Activation: successful, device activated.
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.1167] manager: startup complete
Dec 22 17:58:47 laptop1 NetworkManager[463]: <info> [1545519527.3936] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECTED_GLOBAL
（关于我对softmount 选项的有争议的使用，使用它的决定是在该hard选项多年出现问题之后做出的。使用硬选项，任何连接丢失都会冻结系统并强制重新启动。我正在运行 BTRFS我不想冒这个风险。我已经决定我soft的更适合我的情况。但是，随着soft我调整了重新传输、时间和重试选项。我不确定我是否对它们进行了优化，但总的来说体验比hard选择要好得多。）
这对我来说适用于 systemd。automount,延迟requires挂载请求，直到网络联机。
我不确定nofail. 我使用它没有问题，但似乎不太正确。应该没有必要requires……也许有人有想法。
10.0.0.110:/export/3T /mnt/3T nfs nofail,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target,x-systemd.device-timeout=10 0 0
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