如何使 apt 忽略已安装包的未满足的依赖项？

Question

.deb出于某些原因，我从 a 安装了 Opera 12.16 。假设我需要这个特定版本的特定浏览器，而且别无选择。

但是，该 deb 依赖于不再在我的发行版中的软件包（例如 gstreamer0.10 系列）（Debian 测试）。这使得 apt 在每个操作上都失败，除了apt remove opera依赖错误：

# apt install cli-common
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt --fix-broken install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 opera : Depends: gstreamer0.10-plugins-good but it is not installable
         Recommends: flashplugin-nonfree but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt --fix-broken install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

apt --fix-broken install 只会提议删除歌剧：

# apt --fix-broken install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  opera
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 92 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 46.6 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

目前，我的解决方法是在需要时安装 Opera，并在需要使用 apt 完成任何其他操作时立即将其删除。这很烦人。

有什么建议？理想情况下，我想让 apt 永远忽略歌剧的依赖关系，因为它对我的目的来说已经足够好了。

Answer 1

你不能apt忽略依赖，但你可以创建一个假gstreamer0.10-plugins-good包来满足缺失的依赖。最简单的方法是使用equivs：

1. 安装 equivs

   sudo apt install equivs
   

2. 生成模板控制文件

   equivs-control gstreamer0.10-plugins-good.control
   

3. 修复包名

   sed -i 's/<package name; defaults to equivs-dummy>/gstreamer0.10-plugins-good/g' gstreamer0.10-plugins-good.control
   

4. 构建包

   equivs-build gstreamer0.10-plugins-good.control
   

5. 安装它

   sudo dpkg -i gstreamer0.10-plugins-good_1.0_all.deb
   

这应该满足opera包的依赖性。

Answer 2

您还可以通过编辑删除包的gstreamer0.10-plugins-good依赖项。opera/var/lib/dpkg/status

只需使用文本编辑器打开它，搜索该行Package: opera并在该Depends:行下删除有问题的gstreamer0.10-plugins-good包。

之后apt再次工作。