Add*_*man 7 debian intel-graphics
我最近刚买了一台新电脑，我无法正确安装 debian 系统。现在我将以最详细的方式为您提供我的配置和状态：
个人电脑：
发行版：
Debian GNU/Linux 8.7 杰西
系统安装后，操作系统正常启动，但 xserver 仅以低分辨率（1024x768）运行。
我认为这是一个驱动程序问题，所以我从这个站点安装了一些驱动程序但没有成功，然后我尝试了一些新内核：
对于带有符号 X 的内核（见上文），情况与原始内核相同3.16.0-4，但是带有 M 符号的内核则不同：看起来它以正确的分辨率开始，但是 xserver 崩溃了，/var/log/Xorg.0.log有消息：
找到了屏幕，但没有可用的配置
进而
致命的服务器错误：未找到屏幕
我尝试更改xorgi915 模块中的某些配置或某些设置，但没有成功
任何帮助，将不胜感激
谢谢！
编辑：
删除所有手动安装的内核，从 jessie-backports 安装内核 4.9 并删除xserver-xorg-video-intel驱动程序后，命令：
grep EE /var/log/Xorg.0.log
将返回
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 2.670] (EE) Failed to load module "intel" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 2.671] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
[ 2.671] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
[ 2.672] (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory
[ 2.672] (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory
[ 2.672] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 2.672] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 2.672] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 2.672] (EE) Device(s) detected, but none match those in the config file.
[ 2.672] (EE)
[ 2.672] (EE) no screens found(EE)
[ 2.672] (EE)
[ 2.672] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 2.672] (EE)
[ 2.672] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
编辑2：
整体/var/log/Xorg.0.log：
[ 2.630] X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[ 2.630] Build Operating System: Linux 3.16.0-4-amd64 x86_64 Debian
[ 2.630] Current Operating System: Linux Bobor 4.9.0-0.bpo.2-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 4.9.13-1~bpo8+1 (2017-02-27) x86_64
[ 2.630] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-0.bpo.2-amd64 root=UUID=97e2dfda-29d2-44b4-ac08-80ea49496bb6 ro quiet
[ 2.630] Build Date: 11 February 2015 12:32:02AM
[ 2.630] xorg-server 2:1.16.4-1 (http://www.debian.org/support)
[ 2.630] Current version of pixman: 0.32.6
[ 2.630] Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
[ 2.630] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[ 2.630] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Sun Apr 9 19:23:09 2017
[ 2.631] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[ 2.632] (==) No Layout section. Using the first Screen section.
[ 2.632] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[ 2.632] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[ 2.632] (**) | |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[ 2.632] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
Using a default monitor configuration.
[ 2.632] (==) Automatically adding devices
[ 2.632] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[ 2.632] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[ 2.634] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic" does not exist.
[ 2.634] Entry deleted from font path.
[ 2.636] (==) FontPath set to:
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi,
/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi,
built-ins
[ 2.636] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"
[ 2.636] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[ 2.636] (II) Loader magic: 0x559d23f1ed80
[ 2.636] (II) Module ABI versions:
[ 2.636] X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[ 2.636] X.Org Video Driver: 18.0
[ 2.636] X.Org XInput driver : 21.0
[ 2.636] X.Org Server Extension : 8.0
[ 2.637] (--) PCI:*(0:0:2:0) 8086:5912:1462:7a59 rev 4, Mem @ 0xde000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x0000f000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[ 2.637] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 2.638] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 2.644] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2.644] compiled for 1.16.4, module version = 1.0.0
[ 2.644] ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 8.0
[ 2.644] (==) AIGLX enabled
[ 2.644] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 2.644] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 2.644] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 2.644] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 2.644] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 2.644] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[ 2.645] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module intel
[ 2.645] (II) UnloadModule: "intel"
[ 2.645] (II) Unloading intel
[ 2.645] (EE) Failed to load module "intel" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 2.645] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[ 2.645] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[ 2.646] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2.646] compiled for 1.16.4, module version = 0.9.0
[ 2.646] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2.646] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 18.0
[ 2.646] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[ 2.646] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/fbdev_drv.so
[ 2.646] (II) Module fbdev: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2.646] compiled for 1.15.99.904, module version = 0.4.4
[ 2.646] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2.646] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 18.0
[ 2.646] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[ 2.646] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/vesa_drv.so
[ 2.646] (II) Module vesa: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2.646] compiled for 1.15.99.904, module version = 2.3.3
[ 2.646] Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 2.646] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 18.0
[ 2.646] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[ 2.646] (II) FBDEV: driver for framebuffer: fbdev
[ 2.646] (II) VESA: driver for VESA chipsets: vesa
[ 2.646] (++) using VT number 7
[ 2.647] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
[ 2.647] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting
[ 2.647] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
[ 2.647] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"
[ 2.647] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"
[ 2.647] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so
[ 2.647] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2.647] compiled for 1.16.4, module version = 0.0.2
[ 2.647] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 18.0
[ 2.647] (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory
[ 2.647] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for fbdev
[ 2.647] (II) Loading sub module "fbdevhw"
[ 2.647] (II) LoadModule: "fbdevhw"
[ 2.647] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/libfbdevhw.so
[ 2.647] (II) Module fbdevhw: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 2.647] compiled for 1.16.4, module version = 0.0.2
[ 2.647] ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 18.0
[ 2.647] (EE) open /dev/fb0: No such file or directory
[ 2.647] vesa: Ignoring device with a bound kernel driver
[ 2.647] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for vesa
[ 2.647] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 2.647] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[ 2.647] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 2.647] (II) UnloadModule: "fbdev"
[ 2.647] (II) UnloadSubModule: "fbdevhw"
[ 2.647] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[ 2.647] (II) UnloadModule: "vesa"
[ 2.647] (EE) Device(s) detected, but none match those in the config file.
[ 2.647] (EE)
Fatal server error:
[ 2.647] (EE) no screens found(EE)
[ 2.647] (EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
at http://wiki.x.org
for help.
[ 2.647] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[ 2.647] (EE)
[ 2.647] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
对于 Kaby Lake（以及自 Broadwell 以来的任何 Intel 显卡），您需要从 Jessie backports 安装新内核和固件；作为根：
echo deb http://http.debian.net/debian jessie-backports main contrib non-free > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jessie-backports.list
apt-get update
apt-get -t jessie-backports install linux-image-amd64 firmware-misc-nonfree
您还需要删除（自相矛盾地）X.org Intel 视频驱动程序（如软件包描述中所示：X 服务器可以使用内核的模式设置功能，而无需单独的视频驱动程序）：
apt-get remove xserver-xorg-video-intel
当你运行它时，如果apt-get告诉你它会删除其他包，不要让它这样做；您可能需要安装xserver-xorg-video-dummy以满足依赖项。
您还应该删除手动安装的内核。
完成所有这些后，重新启动，您应该会发现系统运行得更好。
如果失败，您可以尝试安装反向移植的 Intel 驱动程序（以及新内核和固件）：
apt-get -t jessie-backports install xserver-xorg-video-intel
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