为什么gcc在main的开头推动%rbx?

Zac*_*ack 6 assembly gcc

最新版本的gcc正在制作对我来说没有意义的装配.我没有使用优化编译代码; 但是,即使没有优化,此代码的某些部分也没有意义.

这是C源:

  #include <stdio.h>

   int main()
   {
     int a = 1324;
     int b = 5657;
     int difference = 9876;
     int printf_answer = 2221;

     difference = a - b;

     printf_answer = printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, difference);

     return difference;
   }
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它产生这个组件:

    .file   "exampleIML-1b.c"
    .section    .rodata
.LC0:
    .string "%d + %d = %d\n"
    .text
.globl main
    .type   main, @function
main:
.LFB0:
    .cfi_startproc
    pushq   %rbp
    .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
    .cfi_offset 6, -16
    movq    %rsp, %rbp
    .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
    pushq   %rbx
    subq    $24, %rsp
    movl    $1324, -32(%rbp)
    movl    $5657, -28(%rbp)
    movl    $9876, -24(%rbp)
    movl    $2221, -20(%rbp)
    movl    -28(%rbp), %eax
    movl    -32(%rbp), %edx
    movl    %edx, %ecx
    subl    %eax, %ecx
    movl    %ecx, %eax
    movl    %eax, -24(%rbp)
    movl    $.LC0, %eax
    movl    -24(%rbp), %ecx
    movl    -28(%rbp), %edx
    movl    -32(%rbp), %ebx
    .cfi_offset 3, -24
    movl    %ebx, %esi
    movq    %rax, %rdi
    movl    $0, %eax
    call    printf
    movl    %eax, -20(%rbp)
    movl    -24(%rbp), %eax
    addq    $24, %rsp
    popq    %rbx
    leave
    .cfi_def_cfa 7, 8
    ret
    .cfi_endproc
.LFE0:
    .size   main, .-main
    .ident  "GCC: (GNU) 4.4.6 20120305 (Red Hat 4.4.6-4)"
    .section    .note.GNU-stack,"",@progbits
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有几件事没有意义:

(1)为什么我们推动%rbx?%rbx中需要保存的是什么?

(2)为什么我们在减去之前将%edx移动到%ecx?它不会做sub %eax, %edx什么?

(3)同样,为什么在存储值之前从%ecx移回%eax?

(4)编译器将变量a放在内存位置-32(%rbp)中.除非我添加错误,是不是-32(%rbp)等于堆栈指针?不应该将所有局部变量存储在小于当前堆栈指针的值处吗?

我正在使用这个版本的gcc:

[eos17:〜/ Courses/CS451/IntelMachineLanguage] $ gcc -v使用内置规格.目标:x86_64-redhat-linux配置:../ configure --prefix =/usr --mandir =/usr/share/man --infodir =/usr/share/info --with-bugurl = http:// bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads = posix --enable-checking = release --with-system-zlib --enable -__ cxa_atexit --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object --enable-languages = c,c ++,objc,obj-c ++,java,fortran,ada --enable-java-awt = gtk --disable-dssi --with-java- home =/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-gcj-1.5.0.0/jre --enable-libgcj-multifile --enable-java-maintainer-mode --with-ecj-jar =/usr/share /java/eclipse-ecj.jar --disable-libjava-multilib --with-ppl --with-cloog --with-tune = generic --with-arch_32 = i686 --build = x86_64-redhat-linux Thread model :posix gcc版本4.4.6 20120305(Red Hat 4.4.6-4)(GCC)

Ser*_*rge 12

GCC dictates how the stack is used. Contract between caller and callee on x86:

    * after call instruction:
          o %eip points at first instruction of function
          o %esp+4 points at first argument
          o %esp points at return address 
    * after ret instruction:
          o %eip contains return address
          o %esp points at arguments pushed by caller
          o called function may have trashed arguments
          o %eax contains return value (or trash if function is void)
          o %ecx, %edx may be trashed
          o %ebp, %ebx, %esi, %edi must contain contents from time of call 
    * Terminology:
          o %eax, %ecx, %edx are "caller save" registers
          o %ebp, %ebx, %esi, %edi are "callee save" registers
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主要功能与此上下文中的任何其他功能类似.gcc决定ebx用于中间计算,因此它保留了它的价值.


Ale*_*nze 5

默认情况下,gcc 编译时禁用优化,显然,这里就是这种情况。

您需要使用优化开关之一(例如-O2-O3)来启用它。

那么你就不会看到多余的和看似无意义的东西。

至于rbx,它必须被保留,因为这是调用约定所需要的。您的函数修改了它 ( movl -32(%rbp), %ebx),因此必须显式保存和恢复它。