TCP客户端\服务器 - 客户端并不总是读取

Dan*_*lay 2 c# network-programming tcp networkstream tcpclient

客户代码:

TcpClient client = new TcpClient();
NetworkStream ns;
private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    try
    {
        client.Connect("127.0.0.1", 560);
        ns = client.GetStream();
        byte[] buffer = ReadFully(ns, client.Available);

        //working with the buffer...
    }
    catch
    {
        //displaying error...
    }
}

public static byte[] ReadFully(NetworkStream stream , int initialLength)
{
    // If we've been passed an unhelpful initial length, just
    // use 32K.
    if (initialLength < 1)
    {
        initialLength = 32768;
    }

    byte[] buffer = new byte[initialLength];
    long read = 0;

    int chunk;
    while ((chunk = stream.Read(buffer, (int)read, buffer.Length - (int)read)) > 0)
    {
        read += chunk;

        // If we've reached the end of our buffer, check to see if there's
        // any more information
        if (read == buffer.Length)
        {
            int nextByte = stream.ReadByte();

            // End of stream? If so, we're done
            if (nextByte == -1)
            {
                return buffer;
            }

            // Nope. Resize the buffer, put in the byte we've just
            // read, and continue
            byte[] newBuffer = new byte[buffer.Length * 2];
            Array.Copy(buffer, newBuffer, buffer.Length);
            newBuffer[read] = (byte)nextByte;
            buffer = newBuffer;
            read++;
        }
    }
    // Buffer is now too big. Shrink it.
    byte[] ret = new byte[read];
    Array.Copy(buffer, ret, read);
    return ret;
}
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服务器代码:

    private static TcpListener tcpListener;
        private static Thread listenThread;
        private static int clients;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            tcpListener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 560);
            listenThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ListenForClients));
            listenThread.Start();
        }

        private static void ListenForClients()
        {
            tcpListener.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("Server started.");

            while (true)
            {
                //blocks until a client has connected to the server
                TcpClient client = tcpListener.AcceptTcpClient();

                //create a thread to handle communication
                //with connected client
                Thread clientThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(HandleClientComm));
                clientThread.Start(client);
            }
        }

        private static void HandleClientComm(object client)
        {
            clients++;
            TcpClient tcpClient = (TcpClient)client;
            NetworkStream clientStream = tcpClient.GetStream();
            ASCIIEncoding encoder = new ASCIIEncoding();
            Console.WriteLine("Client connected. ({0} connected)", clients.ToString());

            #region sendingHandler
            byte[] buffer = encoder.GetBytes(AddressBookServer.Properties.Settings.Default.contacts);

            clientStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            clientStream.Flush();
            #endregion
        }
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正如您从代码中看到的那样,我正在尝试向AddressBookServer.Properties.Settings.Default.contacts连接的客户端发送(字符串,而不是空).

问题在于,有时候(那是一个奇怪的部分)客户ns.Read收到了字符串,有时它会一直被阻塞在等待收到某些东西的线路上.

我尝试通过在线路上放置断点来进行调试,ns.Read然后我看到当它不起作用时它永远不会到达那一行,所以它不会收到服务器发送的消息.

我的问题:我该如何解决?

我的假设:服务器在客户端收到消息之前发送消息,因此客户端永远不会收到消息.

gri*_*eve 8

正如Mark Gravell指出的那样,这是一个框架问题.这是一个简单的客户端和服务器,向您展示如何使用消息上的长度前缀来构建消息.请记住,这只是一个让您入门的示例.我不认为它是生产准备好的代码:

客户代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;

namespace SimpleClient
{
    internal class Client
    {
        private static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            try
            {
                TcpClient client = new TcpClient();
                NetworkStream ns;
                client.Connect("127.0.0.1", 560);
                ns = client.GetStream();
                byte[] buffer = ReadNBytes(ns, 4);
                    // read out the length field we know is there, because the server always sends it.
                int msgLenth = BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0);
                buffer = ReadNBytes(ns, msgLenth);

                //working with the buffer...
                ASCIIEncoding encoder = new ASCIIEncoding();
                string msg = encoder.GetString(buffer);
                Console.WriteLine(msg);
                client.Close();
            }
            catch
            {
                //displaying error...
            }
        }

        public static byte[] ReadNBytes(NetworkStream stream, int n)
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[n];
            int bytesRead = 0;

            int chunk;
            while (bytesRead < n)
            {
                chunk = stream.Read(buffer, (int) bytesRead, buffer.Length - (int) bytesRead);
                if (chunk == 0)
                {
                    // error out
                    throw new Exception("Unexpected disconnect");
                }
                bytesRead += chunk;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }
}
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服务器代码:

using System;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;

namespace SimpleServer
{
    class Server
    {
        private static TcpListener tcpListener;
        private static int clients;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            tcpListener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 560);
            tcpListener.Start();
            Console.WriteLine("Server started.");

            while (true)
            {
                //blocks until a client has connected to the server
                TcpClient client = tcpListener.AcceptTcpClient();

                //create a thread to handle communication
                //with connected client
                Thread clientThread = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(HandleClientComm));
                clientThread.Start(client);
            }
        }

        private static void HandleClientComm(object client)
        {
            int clientCount = Interlocked.Increment(ref clients);
            TcpClient tcpClient = (TcpClient)client;
            NetworkStream clientStream = tcpClient.GetStream();
            ASCIIEncoding encoder = new ASCIIEncoding();
            Console.WriteLine("Client connected. ({0} connected)", clientCount);

            #region sendingHandler
            byte[] buffer = encoder.GetBytes("Some Contacts as a string!");
            byte[] lengthBuffer = BitConverter.GetBytes(buffer.Length);
            clientStream.Write(lengthBuffer, 0, lengthBuffer.Length);
            clientStream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
            clientStream.Flush();
            tcpClient.Close();
            #endregion
        }
    }
}
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你的代码有时工作,有时失败的原因是client.Available可以返回0.当它确实你将字节设置为读取到32k时,所以读取调用正在等待那些字节进入.它们从未这样做过,并且由于服务器从未关闭套接字,因此读取也不会出错.

希望这能让你朝着正确的方向前进.

编辑:

我忘了在原帖中提到endianess.你可以在这里看到关于endianess和使用BitConverter的文档:http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.bitconverter( v=vs.100) .aspx

基本上,您需要确保服务器和客户端都在具有相同endianess的体系结构上运行,或者根据需要处理从一个endianess到另一个endianess的转换.

编辑2(回答评论中的问题):

1)为什么client.available可以返回0?

这是一个时间问题.客户端连接到服务器,然后立即询问哪些字节可用.根据正在运行的其他进程,可用处理器等的时间片,客户端可能会在服务器有机会发送任何内容之前询问可用的内容.在这种情况下,它将返回0.

2)为什么我使用Interlocked来增加客户端?

您最初编写的代码是在新创建的运行HandleClientComm(...)的线程中递增客户端.如果两个或多个客户端同时连接,则可能会出现争用情况,因为多个线程正在尝试增加客户端.最终的结果是客户会比应有的少.

3)为什么我改变了ReadFully方法?

您更改为ReadNBytes的ReadFully版本接近正确,但有一些缺陷:

  • 如果原始initialLength为零或更小,则将initialLenth设置为32768.您永远不应该猜测需要从套接字读取多少字节.正如Mark Gravell所提到的,您需要使用长度前缀或某种分隔符来构建消息.
  • NetworkStream.Read阻塞直到读取一些字节,如果套接字从它下面关闭,则返回0.没有必要调用stream.ReadByte,因为如果套接字断开连接,chunk将已经为0.进行这种更改简化了方法,特别是因为我们根据简单的标头确切地知道需要读取多少字节.
  • 现在我们已经知道我们将要阅读多少,我们可以预先准确分配我们需要的东西.这消除了在返回时重新调整缓冲区大小的必要性.我们可以返回我们分配的内容.

4)我怎么知道长度缓冲区大小是4?

我序列化的长度是32位.您可以在BitConverter.GetBytes(int value)的文档中看到.我们知道一个字节是8位,所以简单地将32除以8得到4.

5)为什么这不是生产准备/我如何改进代码?

  • 基本上没有真正的错误处理.NetworkStream.Read()可以抛出几个异常,我正在处理它们.添加正确的错误处理将使生产准备就绪.

  • 我没有真正测试过粗略运行的代码.它需要在各种条件下进行测试.

  • 客户端没有重新连接或重试的条款,但您​​可能不需要这些用于您的目的.

  • 这是一个简单的例子,可能实际上并不符合您要实现的要求.不知道这些要求我不能声称这已经为您的生产环境做好了准备(不管是什么).

  • 从概念上讲,ReadNBytes很好,但如果有人向您发送声称消息长度为2千兆字节的恶意消息,您将尝试盲目地分配2千兆字节.大多数字节级协议(通过线路的描述)指定了消息的最大大小.这需要进行检查,如果消息实际上很大,则需要处理它而不仅仅是分配缓冲区,可能在读取时写入文件或其他输出流.再次,不知道您的全部要求,我无法确定那里需要什么.

希望这可以帮助.