C中的qsort段错误

Question

我正在尝试根据手册页使用 qsort，但无论我尝试什么，我都会遇到段错误

这是重要的代码部分

int compare_dirent(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
    const struct dirent *second = (const struct dirent *) b;

    return first->d_ino - second->d_ino;
}


int process(FILE* output,const char *dirname, int flags)
{
    struct dirent *entries = NULL;
    struct dirent *table[256];
    int entry_num = 0;
    DIR *directory = NULL;
    char cwd[1024];

    getcwd(cwd,1024);
    bzero(table,256);

    directory = opendir(dirname);
    while((entries = readdir(directory))!=NULL)
    {
        if(entries->d_type == DT_REG)
        {
            fprintf(output,"%s\t\n",entries->d_name);
            table[entry_num] = entries;
            entry_num++;
        }
    }
    fprintf(stderr,"last entry: %s\n", table[entry_num-1]->d_name);

    /* RIGHT HERE */
    qsort(table, entry_num, sizeof(struct dirent), &compare_dirent);

    return entry_num;
}

运行 gdb 时，我会fprintf在 while 循环中看到目录中的文件列表，并看到最后一个条目。我在 compare 中放置了一个断点，该断点执行 N 次，其中 N 是文件数，然后我立即从 _qsort 得到一个 SEGFAULT。

在从 qsort 第 N 次调用 compare_dirent 时，它崩溃了。

这是 gdb 输出

Starting program: /Users/luke/Documents/Dev/code/cs647/prog2/bin/prog2 ./
Reading symbols for shared libraries +........................ done
.main.c.swp 
get_pdf.sh  
main.c  
main.o  
Makefile    
program2.pdf    
test.txt    
last entry: test.txt

Breakpoint 1, compare_dirent (a=0x7fff5fbff018, b=0x7fff5fbfec00) at main.c:88
88      const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
(gdb) n
89      const struct dirent *second = (const struct dirent *) b;
(gdb) n
91      return first->d_ino - second->d_ino;
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, compare_dirent (a=0x7fff5fbff430, b=0x7fff5fbfec00) at main.c:88
88      const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, compare_dirent (a=0x7fff5fbff848, b=0x7fff5fbfec00) at main.c:88
88      const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, compare_dirent (a=0x7fff5fbffc60, b=0x7fff5fbfec00) at main.c:88
88      const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, compare_dirent (a=0x7fff5fc00078, b=0x7fff5fbfec00) at main.c:88
88      const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 1, compare_dirent (a=0x7fff5fc00490, b=0x7fff5fbfec00) at main.c:88
88      const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
Reason: KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at address: 0x00007fff5fc00490
0x00007fff8e238540 in _qsort ()

解决方案（完整）是两个答案中的一个

int compare_dirent(const void *a, const void *b)
{
    const struct dirent *first = (const struct dirent *) a;
    const struct dirent *second = (const struct dirent *) b;

    return first->d_ino - second->d_ino;
}


int process(FILE* output,const char *dirname, int flags)
{
    struct dirent *entries = NULL;
    struct dirent table[256];
    int entry_num = 0;
    DIR *directory = NULL;
    char cwd[1024];

    getcwd(cwd,1024);
    bzero(table,256);

    directory = opendir(dirname);
    while((entries = readdir(directory))!=NULL)
    {
        if(entries->d_type == DT_REG)
        {
            fprintf(output,"%s\t\n",entries->d_name);
            memcpy(table+entry_num, entries, sizeof(struct dirent));
            entry_num++;
        }
    }
    fprintf(stderr,"size: %lu\n", sizeof(struct dirent));
    qsort(table, entry_num, sizeof(struct dirent) , compare_dirent);

    fprintf(output,"\n\n");
    for(int i=0;i<entry_num;i++)
    {
        fprintf(output,"%s\n", table[i].d_name);
    }

    return entry_num;
}

Answer 1

您的问题之一是：

qsort(table, entry_num, sizeof(struct dirent), &compare_dirent);

应该：

qsort(table, entry_num, sizeof(struct dirent *), &compare_dirent);

第三个元素是width，每个对象的大小。由于table是 的数组struct dirent *，这就是您想要的大小。

您还滥用了 readdir 返回的值。从文档：

readdir() 返回的指针指向的数据可能会被同一目录流上的另一个 readdir() 调用覆盖。

这意味着很可能表中的所有值都是相同的指针，具有相同的值。您可以使用readdir_r，或者只是分配struct dirent（每个 readdir 调用一个），并在适当的位置 memcpy 值。

另一种方法是将其更改为 的数组struct dirent，在这种情况下，您将使用原始qsort调用。