Jam*_*mes 11
用diag.对于superdiagonal,您只需丢弃最后一行和第一列.对于subdiagonal,丢弃第一行,最后一列:
m <- matrix(1:9,nrow=3)
> m
[,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,] 1 4 7
[2,] 2 5 8
[3,] 3 6 9
> diag(m)
[1] 1 5 9
> diag(m[-nrow(m),-1])
[1] 4 8
> diag(m[-1,-ncol(m)])
[1] 2 6
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