我根本没有grol Perl子程序属性.
我从未在实际代码中看到它们perldoc perlsub而且perldoc attributes未能回答我的问题:
如果有人能够以他们应该的方式使用属性的详细示例,那将会很棒.
对于那些和我一样无能为力的人,属性是attributes SYNOPSIS下面例子中冒号后面的参数:
sub foo : method ;
my ($x,@y,%z) : Bent = 1;
my $s = sub : method { ... };
use attributes (); # optional, to get subroutine declarations
my @attrlist = attributes::get(\&foo);
use attributes 'get'; # import the attributes::get subroutine
my @attrlist = get \&foo;
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JRi*_*out 14
属性允许您注释变量以在幕后执行自动魔术.类似的概念是java注释.这是一个可能有用的小例子.它用于Attribute::Handlers创建loud属性.
use Attribute::Handlers;
sub UNIVERSAL::loud : ATTR(CODE) {
my ( $pkg, $sym, $code ) = @_;
no warnings 'redefine';
*{$sym} = sub {
return uc $code->(@_);
};
}
sub foo : loud {
return "this is $_[0]";
}
say foo("a spoon");
say foo("a fork");
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每当使用loud属性声明sub时,UNIVERSAL::loud回调触发器就会触发sub上的元信息.我重新定义了实际调用匿名子函数的函数,后者又调用原始子函数并将其传递给uc
这输出:
THIS IS A SPOON
THIS IS A FORK
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现在让我们看一下SYNOPSIS中的变量示例:
my ($x,@y,%z) : Bent = 1;
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在不考虑我们拥有的属性的情况下将其分解为小的perl语句
my $x : Bent
$x = 1;
my @y : Bent
@y = 1;
my %Z : Bent
%z = 1;
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我们现在可以看到每个变量都以简洁的方式归因于Bent注释,同时还为所有变量赋值1.这里有一个更有趣的例子:
use Attribute::Handlers;
use Tie::Toggle;
sub UNIVERSAL::Toggle : ATTR(SCALAR) {
my ($package, $symbol, $referent, $attr, $data, $phase) = @_;
my @data = ref $data eq 'ARRAY' ? @$data : $data;
tie $$referent, 'Tie::Toggle', @data;
}
my $x : Toggle;
say "x is ", $x;
say "x is ", $x;
say "x is ", $x;
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哪个输出:
x is
x is 1
x is
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您可以使用它来进行日志记录,创建测试注释,向变量添加类型详细信息,语法糖,做驼鹿角色组合以及许多其他很酷的事情.
另请参阅此问题:Perl方法属性如何工作?.
这是一种传递关于变量或子例程的一些附加信息(属性)的方法.
您可以将此信息(属性)作为字符串(在COMPILE TIME!)捕获并随意处理它.您可以生成其他代码,修改存储空间.... 它是由你决定.
有时它会让生活更轻松.见下面的例子.
有些人使用它.做一个:找到.-name*.p [ml] | xargs grep'使用属性;' 在perl安装路径中使用属性查看包.Catalyst广泛使用属性来处理基于给定路径的请求.
示例:
假设您希望按特定顺序执行子例程.并且您想要告诉子程序何时必须执行(通过运行号RUNNR).使用属性实现可以是:
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Runner; # immplements the attribute handling
# some subroutines to be scheduled :
# attibutes automatically filling @$Runner::schedule
sub func_a : RUNNR(2) {return "You called func_a !"};
sub func_b : RUNNR(1) {return "You called func_b !"};
sub func_c : RUNNR(3) {return "You called func_c !"};
# run the subroutines according to the their RUNNR
sub run {
# @$Runner::schedule holds the subroutine refs according
# to their RUNNR
foreach my $func (@$Runner::schedule) {
if ( defined $func ) {
print "Running : $func --> ", $func->(), "\n";
}
}
}
print "Starting ...\n\n";
run();
print "\nDone !\n";
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属性处理使用MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES挂钩在Runner包中.
package Runner;
use strict;
use warnings;
use attributes;
BEGIN {
use Exporter ();
our (@ISA, @EXPORT);
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw(&MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES); # needed for use attributes;
}
# we have subroutines with attributes : <type> is CODE in MODIFY_<type>_ATTRIBUTES
# MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES is executed at COMPILE TIME ! try perl -c <prog_name> to prove it :-)
sub MODIFY_CODE_ATTRIBUTES {
# for each subroutine of a package we get
# the code ref to it and the attribute(s) as string
my ($pckg, $code_ref, @attr) = @_;
# whatever you like to do with the attributes of the sub ... do it
foreach my $attr (@attr) {
# here we parse the attribute string(s), extract the number and
# save the code ref of the subroutine
# into $Runner::schedule array ref according to the given number
# that is how we 'compile' the RUNNR of subroutines into
# a schedule
if ( $attr =~ /^RUNNR\((\d+)\)$/ ) {
$Runner::schedule->[$1] = $code_ref;
}
}
return(); # ERROR if returning a non empty list
}
1;
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输出将是:
Starting ...
Running : CODE(0x129c288) --> You called func_b !
Running : CODE(0x129c2b8) --> You called func_a !
Running : CODE(0x12ed460) --> You called func_c !
Done !
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如果你真的想要了解什么属性做什么,什么时候发生什么,你必须'perldoc属性',一步一步阅读它并玩它.界面很麻烦,但原则上你在编译时挂钩并处理提供的信息.