如何更改struct对象的成员值？(C++ struct beginner)

Question

刚刚开始学习结构,我以为我理解它们是如何工作的,使用点运算符来访问对象的成员,但我显然不这样做,因为下面的readEmployeeRecord函数根本不起作用.我该怎么做？(代码简短,自我解释)

非常感谢您花时间进一步向我解释结构!当然我首先尝试谷歌,但我找不到一个输入数据的例子我想要的方式,并不知道我应该如何去做.

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

//Employee type
struct Employee{
    float wage;
    char status;
    char dept[4]; //for 3letter department, last position is \0 correct?
};

//function definitions
void readEmpoyeeRecord(Employee staff);
void printEmployeeRecord(Employee staff);

int main(){

    Employee employeeA;
    readEmpoyeeRecord(employeeA);
    printEmployeeRecord(employeeA);
    return 0;
}
void readEmpoyeeRecord(Employee employee){
    cout << "Enter empolyees wage: ";
    cin >> employee.wage;
    cout << "Enter empolyees status (H or S): ";
    cin >> employee.status;
    cout << "Enter empolyees dept (ABC): ";
    cin >> employee.dept;
}
void printEmployeeRecord(Employee staff){
    cout << "Wage:     Status:     Department:" <<endl;
    cout << fixed << setprecision( 2 ) << staff.wage;
}

Answer 1

首先,尝试搜索谷歌"通过引用和值传递参数".

你会了解到:

void readEmpoyeeRecord(Employee staff);

通过值将变量传递给函数,这意味着在函数内创建并使用对象的副本,因此不会修改原始对象,而是复制.

要获得所需结果,请使用:

void readEmpoyeeRecord(Employee& staff);

通过引用传递意味着您传递完全相同的对象,而不是副本.

你的代码基本上会像这样工作:

//create new employee
Employee employeeA;
//call method readEmployeeRecord on a copy of employeeA
readEmpoyeeRecord(employeeA);
//call method printEmployeeRecord on a copy of employeeA
printEmployeeRecord(employeeA);