如何退出在系统托盘中运行的 powershell 脚本？

Question

我想通过用鼠标左键单击文本“退出”来退出此系统托盘程序。当我悬停时，鼠标会显示一个旋转的蓝色图标，并且单击不会执行任何操作。剧本有什么问题？

# a systray program, that should be exited (but it doesn't)
# 2023-03-18


$iconPath = "H:\Dropbox\400 - Scriptprogrammierung\Powershell\Taskleiste mit Wochentag\icons\ico\Logo.ico" # icon path
Write-Host -ForegroundColor Yellow $iconPath
$tooltip = "This is a text."

# NotifyIcon-object
$notifyIcon = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon
$notifyIcon.Icon = [System.Drawing.Icon]::ExtractAssociatedIcon($iconPath)
$notifyIcon.Text = $tooltip

########################
# Here seems to be the problem...
$contextMenu = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenuStrip
$menuItemExit = New-Object System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem
$menuItemExit.Text = "Quit."
$contextMenu.Items.Add($menuItemExit)
$notifyIcon.ContextMenuStrip = $contextMenu
$menuItemExit.add_Click({ $notifyIcon.Dispose(); exit })
########################

# Show icon in systray
$notifyIcon.Visible = $true

# Loop
while ($true) {
    $notifyIcon.Text = $tooltip
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 60 # wait 60 seconds
}

Answer 1

所需的关键改变是：

• 不要exit直接从.add_Click()事件处理程序脚本块调用：它会使您的脚本崩溃。

  • 下面的代码也$notifyIcon.Dispose()移出了此脚本块，而是将其移动到包装循环finally的语句块中，并通过脚本级变量通知循环希望退出，该变量是通过事件处理程序设置的（它在脚本的子范围中运行）。trywhile$done$script:done = $true

  • 这可确保使用Ctrl-C终止脚本也能正确处理该图标并将其从通知区域中删除。

• 在循环中while，您必须定期调用[System.Windows.Forms.Application]::DoEvents()以便允许 WinForms 处理其 UI 事件。在这些调用之间仅休眠一小段时间，以便保持 UI 响应 - 长时间休眠会在休眠期间阻塞事件处理。

  • 实现事件循环的另一种阻塞方式是创建应用程序上下文 ( ApplicationContext) 并在单个阻塞[System.Windows.Forms.Application]::Run()调用中使用它 - 请参阅此答案。

# Load the WinForms assembly.
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Windows.Forms

# Use PowerShell's icon in this example; be sure to use a full path.
$iconPath = (Get-Process -Id $PID).Path
$tooltip = "This is a text."

# Construct the NotifyIcon object.
$notifyIcon = [System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon]::new()
$notifyIcon.Icon = [System.Drawing.Icon]::ExtractAssociatedIcon($iconPath)
$notifyIcon.Text = $tooltip

# Define a script-level variable that indicates whether the
# script should be exited, to be set to $true from the .add_Click() event handler.
$done = $false

$contextMenu = [System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenuStrip]::new()
$menuItemExit = [System.Windows.Forms.ToolStripMenuItem]::new()
$menuItemExit.Text = "Quit."
$null = $contextMenu.Items.Add($menuItemExit)
$notifyIcon.ContextMenuStrip = $contextMenu
# Set the script-level $done variable to $true when the menu item is clicked.
$menuItemExit.add_Click({ $script:done = $true })

# Show icon in systray (notification area)
$notifyIcon.Visible = $true

Write-Verbose -Verbose @"
Adding a PowerShell icon to notification area (system tray).
Use the icon's context menu to quit this script, 
or press Ctrl-C in the console window.
"@

# Loop
try {
  while (-not $done) {
      # IMPORTANT: Make WinForms process its events.
      [System.Windows.Forms.Application]::DoEvents()
      # Sleep just a little, to keep the UI responsive.
      # Note:
      #   In theory, you could perform other tasks here,
      #   as long as they complete quickly so as to still
      #   allow frequent enough ::DoEvents() calls.
      Start-Sleep -MilliSeconds 100
  }
}
finally {
  # Dispose of the notify icon, which also removes it from display.
  $notifyIcon.Dispose()
  Write-Verbose -Verbose 'Exiting.'
}