如何将 Tkinter 编译为 MacOS 的可执行文件？

Question

我正在尝试将 Tkinter 应用程序编译为 MacO 的可执行文件。我尝试使用py2app和pyinstaller。我几乎成功使用py2app，但它返回以下错误：

追溯

The Info.plist file must have a PyRuntimeLocations array containing string values for preferred Python runtime locations.  
These strings should be "otool -L" style mach ids; "@executable_stub" and "~" prefixes will be translated accordingly.

看起来是这样的setup.py：

from setuptools import setup

APP = ['main.py']
DATA_FILES = ['config.json']
OPTIONS = {
    'argv_emulation': True
}

setup(
    app=APP,
    data_files=DATA_FILES,
    options={'py2app': OPTIONS},
    setup_requires=['py2app'],
)

这是目录结构：

-modules/---__init.py__
|        | 
|        -- gui_module.py
|        |
|        -- scraper_module.py
|        |
|        -- app.ico
|
-config.json
|
-countries_list.txt
|
-main.py
|
-requirements.txt
|
-setup.py

如果您需要的话，我很乐意分享更多详细信息和文件。

Answer 1

问题是您需要为 MacO 上的 python 框架提供可执行路径。所以我修改setup.py

安装程序.py

from setuptools import setup

class CONFIG:
    VERSION = 'v1.0.1'
    platform = 'darwin-x86_64'
    executable_stub = '/opt/homebrew/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.10/lib/libpython3.10.dylib' # this is important, check where is your Python framework and get the `dylib`
    APP_NAME = f'your_app_{VERSION}_{platform}'
    APP = ['main.py']
    DATA_FILES = [
        'config.json', 
        'countries_list.txt', 
        ('modules', ['modules/app.ico']),
        # this modules are automatically added if you use __init__.py in your folder
        # ('modules', ['modules/scraper_module.py']),
        # ('modules', ['modules/gui_module.py']),
    ]

    OPTIONS = {
        'argv_emulation': False,
        'iconfile': 'modules/app.ico',
        'plist': {
            'CFBundleName': APP_NAME,
            'CFBundleDisplayName': APP_NAME,
            'CFBundleGetInfoString': APP_NAME,
            'CFBundleVersion': VERSION,
            'CFBundleShortVersionString': VERSION,
            'PyRuntimeLocations': [
                executable_stub,
                # also the executable can look like this:
                #'@executable_path/../Frameworks/libpython3.4m.dylib',
            ]
        }
    }

def main():
    setup(
        name=CONFIG.APP_NAME,
        app=CONFIG.APP,
        data_files=CONFIG.DATA_FILES,
        options={'py2app': CONFIG.OPTIONS},
        setup_requires=['py2app'],
        maintainer='foo bar',
        author_email='foo@domain.com',
    )

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

然后您需要运行python3 setup.py py2app，现在您只需双击即可your_app_{VERSION}_{platform}.app。

文档的建议py2app：

1. 确保不要使用 -A 标志
2. --argv-emulation当程序使用 GUI 工具包（如 Tkinter）时不要使用py2app 选项文档