尝试让 Python、Pip 和 Requests 全部启动并运行，但失败了

Question

我正在运行一个 Linux 服务器（Linux 4.1.12-124.19.1.el7uek.x86_64 #2 SMP Wed Sep 5 13:41:16 PDT 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux），上面有 python 2.7.5（DBA 想要它）他们的脚本为 2.7.5）并尝试让 pip 和请求运行。

我在使用 pip 时遇到问题，因为当我尝试安装 时epel-release，它会告诉我“没有名为该包的包”。所以我必须做

"yum install http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm"

这最终让我做到了

"yum install python-pip"

安装 pip。

然后我做了

"python -m pip install requests"

安装请求。

它看起来不错，但是当我运行 DBA 给我检查的测试脚本时，它给了我这个。

"Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/mnt/EBS_Cloning_Repo/clone/scripts/test.py", line 2, in <module>
    import requests
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py", line 133, in <module>
    from . import utils
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/utils.py", line 27, in <module>
    from . import certs
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/certs.py", line 15, in <module>
    from certifi import where
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .core import contents, where
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certifi/core.py", line 17
    def where() -> str:
                ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax"

我确实发现这可能是由于仅运行 python 命令而不是像 python2 这样的命令引起的，因此我尝试使用 python2 命令重做一些命令，得到相同的结果。

我确实有另一台服务器，它应该与此一起运行，并且我比较了它指向的文件，并看到其中缺少一些信息（差异输出一个请求），但我不确定我可以用这些信息做什么。

Answer 1

总长DR

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python -m pip install requests \'certifi<=2020.4.5.1\'\n

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分析

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  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certifi/core.py", line 17\n    def where() -> str:\n                ^\nSyntaxError: invalid syntax"\n

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• 它使用 python 2.7

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  • 每个问题和错误/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
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  • Python 2.7自 2020 年 4 月起已弃用
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• in-> str是def where() -> str类型注释

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  • Python 3.0在PEP 3107中引入了函数注释语法

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  • Python 3.5正式通过PEP 484的typing模块为它们添加了标准定义

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  • 如果 Python 2.7 发现注释，它肯定会引发无效语法

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    测试.py：

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    class MyClass(object):\n    def test(self) -> bool:\n        return True\n

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    输出：

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    \xe2\x9d\xaf python ./test.py\n  File "./test.py", line 2\n  def test(self) -> bool:\n                 ^\n  SyntaxError: invalid syntax\n

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• 证明书

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  • Certifi 于 2020.04.05.2 放弃了 python 2.7（提交）
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  • Certifi 的最后一个 python 2.7 版本是2020.04.5 ( github )
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• certifi 被隐式获取为子依赖项/子包

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  • 我们可以在安装时使用 pip 的解析器来固定依赖项
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例子

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可选沙箱：

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virtualenv --python python2.7 .venv\n

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. .venv/bin/activate\n

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命令：

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python -m pip install requests \'certifi<=2020.4.5.1\'\n

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输出：

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DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.\nCollecting requests\n  Downloading requests-2.27.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (63 kB)\n     |\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88| 63 kB 599 kB/s\nCollecting certifi<=2020.4.5.1\n  Downloading certifi-2020.4.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157 kB)\n     |\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88| 157 kB 5.6 MB/s\nCollecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1\n  Downloading urllib3-1.26.9-py2.py3-none-any.whl (138 kB)\n     |\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88| 138 kB 20.3 MB/s\nCollecting chardet<5,>=3.0.2; python_version < "3"\n  Downloading chardet-4.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (178 kB)\n     |\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88| 178 kB 26.0 MB/s\nCollecting idna<3,>=2.5; python_version < "3"\n  Downloading idna-2.10-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58 kB)\n     |\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88\xe2\x96\x88| 58 kB 5.5 MB/s\nInstalling collected packages: certifi, urllib3, chardet, idna, requests\nSuccessfully installed certifi-2020.4.5.1 chardet-4.0.0 idna-2.10 requests-2.27.1 urllib3-1.26.9\n

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