那些遇到过的问题

Rails 7 zietwerk 常量未找到

Sub*_*ash 5 ruby autoload zeitwerk ruby-on-rails-7

我正在将我们的应用程序从 Rails 6 升级到 7，我使用 zeitwerk 而不是 Rails 6 的经典自动加载器，没有任何问题，现在没有对文件夹/文件命名约定或结构进行任何更改，它无法在其中找到任何类/模块lib 文件夹。我一直在调试 zeitwerk gem 和自动加载哈希将文件路径作为键和[Namespace, Constant Name]值，在 Rails 6 中它具有正确的名称空间，例如，对于其中的文件\user\project\rails6_test\lib\folder\config.rb作为Folder名称空间并Config在内部定义config.rb将被正确找到在Folder名称空间中，但在使用 Rails 7 迁移之后，它始终具有Object名称空间，不仅适用于顶级文件夹，而且适用于所有嵌套文件，显然它无法在Object.

我没有看到升级指南中遗漏的任何内容，这里可能遗漏了什么？

更新

我尝试运行bin/rails r 'pp ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoload_paths'并收到以下错误，

/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/callbacks.rb:25:in `on_file_autoloaded': expected file /home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/restful_resource.rb to define constant RestfulResource, but didn't (Zeitwerk::NameError)

  raise Zeitwerk::NameError.new("expected file #{file} to define constant #{cpath}, but didn't", cref.last)
  ^^^^^
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:28:in `require'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:95:in `const_get'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:95:in `cget'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:238:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:26:in `block in ls'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:18:in `each_child'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader/helpers.rb:18:in `ls'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:233:in `block in eager_load'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:218:in `synchronize'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:218:in `eager_load'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:318:in `each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/loader.rb:318:in `eager_load_all'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:78:in `block in <module:Finisher>'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `instance_exec'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:32:in `run'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:61:in `block in run_initializers'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/3.1.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/initializable.rb:60:in `run_initializers'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:372:in `initialize!'
    from /home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/rainman/config/environment.rb:5:in `<top (required)>'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:35:in `require'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/zeitwerk-2.5.4/lib/zeitwerk/kernel.rb:35:in `require'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/application.rb:348:in `require_environment!'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/actions.rb:28:in `require_environment!'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/actions.rb:15:in `require_application_and_environment!'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands/runner/runner_command.rb:33:in `perform'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor/command.rb:27:in `run'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor/invocation.rb:127:in `invoke_command'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/thor-1.2.1/lib/thor.rb:392:in `dispatch'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command/base.rb:87:in `perform'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/command.rb:48:in `invoke'
    from /home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/railties-7.0.2.2/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `<top (required)>'
    from bin/rails:4:in `require'
    from bin/rails:4:in `<main>'
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我config.autoload_paths << "#{config.root}/lib"在我的 application.rb 中添加了 zeitwerk 来测试急切加载config.eager_load_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/lib/**/"]，如果您需要更多信息，请告诉我。

更新2

/lib只需运行即可摆脱通配符后，bin/rails r 'pp ActiveSupport::Dependencies.eager_load_paths'会得到以下输出

["/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/microservices/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/microservices/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/dir/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/dir/dir/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/dir/dir/dir/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/project_name/dir/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib/tasks/",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/controllers",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/mailers",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/models",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/serializers",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/workers",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actionmailbox-7.0.2.2/app/controllers",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actionmailbox-7.0.2.2/app/jobs",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actionmailbox-7.0.2.2/app/models",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/controllers",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/controllers/concerns",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/jobs",
 "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/models",
 "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/spec/mailers/previews"]
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并运行bin/rails r 'pp ActiveSupport::Dependencies._eager_load_paths'输出以下内容

{"/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/controllers",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/controllers/concerns",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/jobs",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/activestorage-7.0.2.2/app/models",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actionmailbox-7.0.2.2/app/controllers",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actionmailbox-7.0.2.2/app/jobs",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actionmailbox-7.0.2.2/app/models",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actiontext-7.0.2.2/app/helpers",
  "/home/leonidas/.rbenv/versions/3.1.1/lib/ruby/gems/3.1.0/gems/actiontext-7.0.2.2/app/models",
  "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/controllers",
  "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/mailers",
  "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/models",
  "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/serializers",
  "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/app/workers",
  "/home/leonidas/projects/ruby_on_rails/project_name/lib"}
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我正在研究zeitwerk.rakeRails 中的任务，它似乎没有检查自动加载路径中存在的任何现有目录和非空目录，但不在急切加载路径中，我不明白这里应该发生什么，不autoload_paths应该具有展开的文件夹结构并且仅列出根文件夹？因为在我的例子中，自动加载也具有嵌套目录，而 eager_load 仅具有根目录正在打印有关不检查 lib 内的文件夹的警告。

Xav*_*ria 9

感谢您的更新。问题是这个全局：

config.eager_load_paths += Dir["#{config.root}/lib/**/"]
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添加到急切加载路径，还添加到自动加载路径（我发现这有点令人困惑，但这就是它的工作原理）。lib/project_name因此，该 glob 正在添加到自动加载路径等。了解正在发生的情况的关键观察是，当存在嵌套根路径时，就该根路径下面的文件和目录而言，最嵌套的根路径获胜。

因此，由于lib位于自动加载路径中，因此lib假定以下任何内容都在 中定义Object。但是，由于lib/project_name也在自动加载路径中，因此该子树也代表Object. app/models这与您在和中遇到的情况相同app/models/concerns。

这些文档对此进行了解释，但在这种情况下很容易被忽视，因为您的配置受该点影响并不明显。

解决方案是仅添加lib：

config.autoload_paths << "#{config.root}/lib"
config.eager_load_paths << "#{config.root}/lib"
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就像这样，没有通配符。从技术上讲，第一行相对于第二行来说是多余的，但在我看来，这是微妙且不明显的，我个人喜欢将这两行都明确化，但正如您所喜欢的那样。（不会出现重复条目​​，最终集合通过uniq。）

既然我们已经讨论过了，那么让我也发表一些额外的评论。也许您的应用程序已经做到了这一点，但为了以防万一，让我说它lib经常有不应该自动加载的文件和目录。例如，lib/tasks。仔细考虑它们并告诉自动加载器是很干净的：

Rails.autoloaders.main.ignore("#{config.root}/lib/tasks")
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否则，自动加载器将认为是一个命名空间，将为inlib/tasks定义一个自动加载，如果启用了预加载，则将预加载（==实际定义）模块，等等。从概念上讲，没有要自动加载/预加载的代码，并且配置必须反映这一点。与其他类似目录相同。TasksObjectlib/tasks

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