Django：使用自定义用户模型在管理页面上添加用户

Question

我在 Django 项目中定义了一个自定义用户模型，它将“电子邮件”定义为唯一标识符。我按照 Django 文档创建了一个自定义用户创建表单，并将其注册到我的 admin.py 中。当我启动 Web 服务器时，控制台中没有显示任何错误。

我的问题是，add_form管理页面上不显示“电子邮件”字段，而只显示“用户名”、“密码1”和“密码2”

我阅读了一些操作方法和教程，并检查了 Django 文档来解决这个问题，但我担心我遗漏了一些东西。

设置.py

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'users.apps.UsersConfig'
]

AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'users.NewUser'

模型.py

# Custom User Account Model

from django.db import models
from django.utils import timezone
from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy as _
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin, BaseUserManager


class CustomAccountManager(BaseUserManager):
    """
    Custom user model manager where email is the unique identifiers for authentication instead of usernames.
    """
    def create_user(self, email, username, first_name, last_name, password=None, **other_fields):
        if not last_name:
            raise ValueError(_('Users must have a last name'))
        elif not first_name:
            raise ValueError(_('Users must have a first name'))
        elif not username:
            raise ValueError(_('Users must have a username'))
        elif not email:
            raise ValueError(_('Users must provide an email address'))

        user = self.model(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            username=username,
            first_name=first_name,
            last_name=last_name,
            **other_fields
        )
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)

        return user

    def create_superuser(self, email, username, first_name, last_name, password=None, **other_fields):
        """
        Create and save a SuperUser with the given email and password.
        """

        other_fields.setdefault('is_staff', True)
        other_fields.setdefault('is_superuser', True)
        other_fields.setdefault('is_admin', True)

        user = self.create_user(
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
            username=username,
            first_name=first_name,
            last_name=last_name,
            password=password,
            **other_fields
        )

        if other_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must be assigned to is_staff=True.')
        if other_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must be assigned to is_superuser=True.')

        user.save(using=self._db)

        return user


class NewUser(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):
    # basic information
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'), unique=True)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=150, unique=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=150, blank=True)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=150, blank=True)

    # Registration Date
    date_joined = models.DateTimeField(default=timezone.now)  ## todo: unterschied zu 'auto_now_add=True'

    # Permissions
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_superuser = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)

    objects = CustomAccountManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username', 'first_name', 'last_name']  # Note: USERNAME_FIELD not to be included in this list!

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    # For checking permissions. to keep it simple all admin have ALL permissons
    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return self.is_admin

    # Does this user have permission to view this app? (ALWAYS YES FOR SIMPLICITY)
    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        "Is the user a member of staff?"
        # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff
        return self.is_admin

表格.py

from django import forms
from django.contrib import admin
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

# Import custom user model
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
custom_user_model = get_user_model()


class CustomUserCreationForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """A form for creating new users. Includes all the required
    fields, plus a repeated password."""

    username = forms.CharField(label='Username', min_length=4, max_length=150)
    email = forms.EmailField(label='E-Mail')
    first_name = forms.CharField(label='First Name')
    last_name = forms.CharField(label='Last Name')

    password1 = forms.CharField(label='Password', widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    password2 = forms.CharField(label='Password confirmation', widget=forms.PasswordInput)

    class Meta:
        model = custom_user_model
        fields = ('username', 'first_name', 'last_name')

    def clean_password2(self):
        # Check that the two password entries match
        password1 = self.cleaned_data.get("password1")
        password2 = self.cleaned_data.get("password2")
        if password1 and password2 and password1 != password2:
            raise ValidationError("Passwords don't match")
        return password2

    def save(self, commit=True):
        # Save the provided password in hashed format
        user = super().save(commit=False)
        user.set_password(self.cleaned_data["password1"])
        if commit:
            user.save()

        return user

管理员.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin  # Helper Class for creating user admin pages

from .forms import CustomUserCreationForm  #, CustomUserChangeForm
from .models import NewUser, UserProfile


class CustomUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    add_form = CustomUserCreationForm

    model = NewUser

    list_display = ('email', 'username', 'date_joined', 'last_login', 'is_admin', 'is_staff')
    search_fields = ('email', 'username',)
    readonly_fields = ('date_joined', 'last_login',)

    filter_horizontal = ()
    list_filter = ()
    fieldsets = ()


admin.site.register(custom_user_model, CustomUserAdmin)

Answer 1

将此代码添加到 CustomeUserAdmin：

类自定义用户管理（用户管理）：
    。
    。
    。
    add_fieldsets = UserAdmin.add_fieldsets + (
        (无，{'fields': ('custom_field',)}),
    ）

看起来 django 管理页面上的表单是基于 add_fieldsets 创建的。我也不知道 add_form 实际上是做什么的。

有关更多信息，请阅读 django 文档： 关于 admin 的 django 文档，django admin 中 Custome 用户的完整示例

如果您使用的是自定义 ModelAdmin，它是 django.contrib.auth.admin.UserAdmin 的子类，那么您需要将自定义字段添加到 fieldsets（用于编辑用户时使用的字段）和 add_fieldsets（用于要编辑的字段）创建用户时使用）。