错误消息的含义是什么：“秘密密钥环不以秘密密钥标签开头：标签 0xffffffff”？

Question

这是我在尝试使用 gradle 签名插件签名并发布到本地 maven .m2 目录时遇到的错误：

> Task :core:signMavenPublication FAILED
Watching 144 directories to track changes
Watching 144 directories to track changes
Watching 144 directories to track changes
Watching 144 directories to track changes
Watching 144 directories to track changes
:core:signMavenPublication (Thread[Execution worker for ':' Thread 8,5,main]) completed. Took 0.001 secs.

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':core:signMavenPublication'.
> Error while evaluating property 'signatory' of task ':core:signMavenPublication'
   > Could not read PGP secret key

* Try:
> Run with --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':core:signMavenPublication'.
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:38)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.executeTask(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:77)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:55)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:204)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:199)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:157)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.call(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:53)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:73)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter.execute(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNodeExecutor.execute(LocalTaskNodeExecutor.java:74)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:402)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:389)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:382)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:368)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.lambda$run$0(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:127)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:191)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:182)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.run(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:124)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:64)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:48)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:61)
Caused by: org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.PropertyEvaluationException: Error while evaluating property 'signatory' of task ':core:signMavenPublication'
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.InputParameterUtils.prepareInputParameterValue(InputParameterUtils.java:33)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.TaskExecution.lambda$visitRegularInputs$1(TaskExecution.java:312)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.fingerprint.impl.DefaultInputFingerprinter$InputCollectingVisitor.visitInputProperty(DefaultInputFingerprinter.java:95)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.TaskExecution.visitRegularInputs(TaskExecution.java:312)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.fingerprint.impl.DefaultInputFingerprinter.fingerprintInputProperties(DefaultInputFingerprinter.java:54)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.captureExecutionStateWithOutputs(CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.java:193)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.lambda$captureExecutionState$1(CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.java:141)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.BuildOperationStep$1.call(BuildOperationStep.java:37)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:204)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:199)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:157)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.call(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:53)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:73)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.BuildOperationStep.operation(BuildOperationStep.java:34)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.captureExecutionState(CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.java:130)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.lambda$execute$0(CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.java:75)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.execute(CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.java:75)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.execute(CaptureStateBeforeExecutionStep.java:50)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipEmptyWorkStep.lambda$execute$2(SkipEmptyWorkStep.java:93)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipEmptyWorkStep.execute(SkipEmptyWorkStep.java:93)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.SkipEmptyWorkStep.execute(SkipEmptyWorkStep.java:34)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.legacy.MarkSnapshottingInputsStartedStep.execute(MarkSnapshottingInputsStartedStep.java:38)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.LoadPreviousExecutionStateStep.execute(LoadPreviousExecutionStateStep.java:43)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.LoadPreviousExecutionStateStep.execute(LoadPreviousExecutionStateStep.java:31)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.AssignWorkspaceStep.lambda$execute$0(AssignWorkspaceStep.java:40)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.TaskExecution$3.withWorkspace(TaskExecution.java:284)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.AssignWorkspaceStep.execute(AssignWorkspaceStep.java:40)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.AssignWorkspaceStep.execute(AssignWorkspaceStep.java:30)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.IdentityCacheStep.execute(IdentityCacheStep.java:37)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.IdentityCacheStep.execute(IdentityCacheStep.java:27)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.IdentifyStep.execute(IdentifyStep.java:44)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.steps.IdentifyStep.execute(IdentifyStep.java:33)
        at org.gradle.internal.execution.impl.DefaultExecutionEngine$1.execute(DefaultExecutionEngine.java:76)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeIfValid(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:142)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:131)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.execute(CleanupStaleOutputsExecuter.java:77)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.execute(FinalizePropertiesTaskExecuter.java:46)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter.execute(ResolveTaskExecutionModeExecuter.java:51)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:57)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:56)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.execute(CatchExceptionTaskExecuter.java:36)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.executeTask(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:77)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:55)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter$1.call(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:204)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$CallableBuildOperationWorker.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:199)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:66)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner$2.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:157)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.execute(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:59)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationRunner.call(DefaultBuildOperationRunner.java:53)
        at org.gradle.internal.operations.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.call(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:73)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.EventFiringTaskExecuter.execute(EventFiringTaskExecuter.java:52)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNodeExecutor.execute(LocalTaskNodeExecutor.java:74)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:402)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$InvokeNodeExecutorsAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:389)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:382)
        at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskExecutionGraph$BuildOperationAwareExecutionAction.execute(DefaultTaskExecutionGraph.java:368)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.lambda$run$0(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:127)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.execute(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:191)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:182)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.run(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:124)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ExecutorPolicy$CatchAndRecordFailures.onExecute(ExecutorPolicy.java:64)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:48)
        at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:61)
Caused by: org.gradle.api.InvalidUserDataException: Could not read PGP secret key
        at org.gradle.security.internal.pgp.BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.createSignatory(BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.java:94)
        at org.gradle.security.internal.pgp.BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.getDefaultSignatory(BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.java:63)
        at org.gradle.security.internal.pgp.BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.getDefaultSignatory(BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.java:42)
        at org.gradle.plugins.signing.SigningExtension.getSignatory(SigningExtension.java:198)
        at org.gradle.plugins.signing.SigningExtension_Decorated.getSignatory(Unknown Source)
        at org.gradle.plugins.signing.SigningExtension$2.call(SigningExtension.java:291)
        at org.gradle.plugins.signing.SigningExtension$2.call(SigningExtension.java:288)
        at org.gradle.util.internal.GUtil.uncheckedCall(GUtil.java:454)
        at org.gradle.internal.extensibility.ConventionAwareHelper$2.doGetValue(ConventionAwareHelper.java:96)
        at org.gradle.internal.extensibility.ConventionAwareHelper$MappedPropertyImpl.getValue(ConventionAwareHelper.java:147)
        at org.gradle.internal.extensibility.ConventionAwareHelper.getConventionValue(ConventionAwareHelper.java:129)
        at org.gradle.plugins.signing.Sign_Decorated.getSignatory(Unknown Source)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.bean.AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode$BeanPropertyValue$1$1.create(AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode.java:77)
        at org.gradle.internal.deprecation.DeprecationLogger.whileDisabled(DeprecationLogger.java:244)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.bean.AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode$BeanPropertyValue$1.get(AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode.java:73)
        at com.google.common.base.Suppliers$NonSerializableMemoizingSupplier.get(Suppliers.java:167)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.bean.AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode$BeanPropertyValue.call(AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode.java:133)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.annotations.NestedBeanAnnotationHandler.visitPropertyValue(NestedBeanAnnotationHandler.java:62)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.bean.AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode.visitProperties(AbstractNestedRuntimeBeanNode.java:56)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.bean.RootRuntimeBeanNode.visitNode(RootRuntimeBeanNode.java:32)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.DefaultPropertyWalker.visitProperties(DefaultPropertyWalker.java:41)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.TaskPropertyUtils.visitProperties(TaskPropertyUtils.java:44)
        at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.properties.DefaultTaskProperties.resolve(DefaultTaskProperties.java:74)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.LocalTaskNode.resolveMutations(LocalTaskNode.java:200)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultExecutionPlan.getResolvedMutationInfo(DefaultExecutionPlan.java:665)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultExecutionPlan.selectNext(DefaultExecutionPlan.java:577)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.lambda$executeNextNode$1(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:166)
        at org.gradle.internal.resources.DefaultResourceLockCoordinationService.withStateLock(DefaultResourceLockCoordinationService.java:45)
        at org.gradle.execution.plan.DefaultPlanExecutor$ExecutorWorker.executeNextNode(DefaultPlanExecutor.java:155)
        ... 4 more
Caused by: java.io.IOException: secret key ring doesn't start with secret key tag: tag 0xffffffff
        at org.bouncycastle.openpgp.PGPSecretKeyRing.<init>(Unknown Source)
        at org.bouncycastle.openpgp.jcajce.JcaPGPSecretKeyRing.<init>(Unknown Source)
        at org.gradle.security.internal.pgp.BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.createSignatory(BaseInMemoryPgpSignatoryProvider.java:80)
        ... 32 more

最后的错误消息揭示了几个问题：

1. 我只需要使用 1 个密钥（及其密码）对工件进行签名，为什么此操作依赖于密钥环，其中包含多个几乎无用的密钥？

2. 什么是秘密密钥标签？是密钥 ID、密钥名称还是密钥校验和？

3. 为什么钥匙圈必须以 0xffffffff 开头？这个十六进制数字有什么特别之处？

非常感谢您的意见

Answer 1

如果没有更多关于如何配置 Gradle 插件的详细信息，\xe2\x80\x99s 很难确切地说出\xe2\x80\x99s 的错误。我认为问题很可能是一个错误的密钥环文件或一个错误的内存密钥。PGPSecretKeyRing构造函数不会\xe2\x80\x99 找到预期的密钥标签，而是在您的情况下找到0xffffffff。

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考虑到这一点，让我尝试回答您的三个问题：

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1. 我看到两种可能的可能性：\n
   \n
   • PGPSecretKeyRing无论您使用密钥环文件还是仅使用单个密钥，该插件都只是在幕后使用，或者
   \n
   • 您错误地配置了插件。
   \n
   \n
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2. \xe2\x80\x9csecret key tag\xe2\x80\x9d 是属于 OpenPGP 格式的数据包标签之一。在您的情况下找不到该标签，这就是为什么我认为某些内容配置错误（例如，以错误的格式传递密钥）。
\n
3. 同样，0xffffffff这不是预期的标签，而是在您的案例中实际找到的\xe2\x80\x99s 标签。预期的标签是 \xe2\x80\x9cSecret-Key Packet\xe2\x80\x9d ，即0x5.
\n

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更多可能真正帮助您解决问题的指示：

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• 我的另一个 SO 答案帮助也面临 \xe2\x80\x9cCould not read PGP Secret key\xe2\x80\x9d 错误的人。
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• Gradle 问题，人们遇到过同样的PGPSecretKeyRing错误，并且至少有一个人找到了解决方案。
\n

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