Ruby:操纵迭代器?

Lou*_*uis 6 ruby arrays iterator enumerator

关于创建单向,延迟评估,可能无限的迭代器,我遇到了Ruby的问题.基本上,我正在尝试使用Ruby,就像我使用Haskell列表,以及在较小程度上使用Python生成器.

并不是我本身不理解它们; 我只是不知道如何像其他语言一样随意使用它们,而且我也不确定Ruby中的哪些方法会将它们变成背后的数组,将整个序列卸载到内存中是不必要的.

是的,我一直在研究Ruby参考手册.其实半小时,专注.或者显然不是.

例如,如果我要实现卡片组,它在Python中看起来像这样(未经测试):

# Python 3

from itertools import chain, count

face_ranks =
    dict(
        zip(
            ('jack', 'queen', 'king', 'ace'),
            count(11)))

sorted_deck =
    map(
        lambda suit:
            map(
                lambda rank:
                    {
                        'rank' : rank,
                        'suit' : suit
                    },
                chain(
                    range(2, 11),
                    face_ranks.keys())),
        ('clubs', 'diamonds', 'hearts', 'spades'))
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那么,我如何在Ruby中完成这项工作,完全避免使用数组呢?请注意,据我所知,上面的代码只使用元组和生成器:在任何时候都不会将整个序列转储到内存中,就像我使用了数组一样.我对上面的代码可能是错的,但是你得到了我想要的东西.

我如何链接迭代器(如Python的chain())?如何生成无限范围的迭代器(如Python的count())?如何在迭代器中添加一个数组(比如将元组传递给Python的链())而不将整个过程转换为数组?

我见过解决方案,但它们涉及阵列或不必要的复杂性,如光纤.

在Python中,我可以像数组一样简单地操作和抛出迭代器.我几乎可以把它们当作Haskell列表来对待,我最熟悉的就是它,而且在编码时我的想法就是这样.我对Ruby数组感到不舒服,这就是为什么我寻求其替代品的帮助.

我已经设法在互联网上获取有关它的信息,但我找不到任何涵盖Ruby中这种数据结构的基本操作?有帮助吗?

Dav*_*son 4

Ruby 似乎没有很多内置方法来执行您想要使用枚举器执行的不同操作,但您可以创建自己的方法。这就是我在这里所做的,使用 Ruby 1.9:

迭代器rb

def get_enums_from_args(args)
  args.collect { |e| e.is_a?(Enumerator) ? e.dup : e.to_enum }
end

def build(y, &block)
  while true
    y << (begin yield; rescue StopIteration; break; end)
  end
end

def zip(*args)
  enums = get_enums_from_args args
  Enumerator.new do |y|
    build y do
      enums.collect { |e| e.next }
    end
  end
end

def chain(*args)
  enums = get_enums_from_args args
  Enumerator.new do |y|
    enums.each do |e|
      build y do
        e.next
      end
    end
  end
end

def multiply(*args)
  enums = get_enums_from_args args
  duped_enums = enums.collect { |e| e.dup }
  Enumerator.new do |y|
    begin
      while true
        y << (begin; enums.collect { |e| e.peek }; rescue StopIteration; break; end )

        index = enums.length - 1
        while true
          begin
            enums[index].next
            enums[index].peek
            break
          rescue StopIteration
            # Some iterator ran out of items.

            # If it was the first iterator, we are done,
            raise if index == 0

            # If it was a different iterator, reset it
            # and then look at the iterator before it.
            enums[index] = duped_enums[index].dup
            index -= 1
          end
        end
      end
    rescue StopIteration
    end
  end
end
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我使用 rspec 编写了一个规范来测试这些函数并演示它们的作用:

iter_spec.rb:

require_relative 'iter'

describe "zip" do
  it "zips together enumerators" do
    e1 = "Louis".chars
    e2 = "198".chars
    zip(e1,e2).to_a.should == [ ['L','1'], ['o','9'], ['u','8'] ]
  end

  it "works with arrays too" do
    zip([1,2], [:a, nil]).to_a.should == [ [1,:a], [2,nil] ]
  end
end

describe "chain" do
  it "chains enumerators" do
    e1 = "Jon".chars
    e2 = 0..99999999999
    e = chain(e1, e2)
    e.next.should == "J"
    e.next.should == "o"
    e.next.should == "n"
    e.next.should == 0
    e.next.should == 1
  end
end

describe "multiply" do
  it "multiplies enumerators" do
    e1 = "ABC".chars
    e2 = 1..3
    multiply(e1, e2).to_a.should == [["A", 1], ["A", 2], ["A", 3], ["B", 1], ["B", 2], ["B", 3], ["C", 1], ["C", 2], ["C", 3]]
  end

  it "is lazily evalutated" do
    e1 = 0..999999999
    e2 = 1..3
    e = multiply(e1, e2)
    e.next.should == [0, 1]
    e.next.should == [0, 2]
    e.next.should == [0, 3]
    e.next.should == [1, 1]
    e.next.should == [1, 2]
  end

  it "resulting enumerator can not be cloned effectively" do
    ranks = chain(2..10, [:jack, :queen, :king, :ace])
    suits = [:clubs, :diamonds, :hearts, :spades]
    cards = multiply(suits, ranks)
    c2 = cards.clone
    cards.next.should == [:clubs, 2]
    c2.next.should == [:clubs, 2]
    c2.next.should == [:clubs, 3]
    c2.next.should == [:clubs, 4]
    c2.next.should == [:clubs, 5]
    cards.next.should == [:clubs, 6]
  end

  it "resulting enumerator can not be duplicated after first item is evaluated" do
    ranks = chain(2..10, [:jack, :queen, :king, :ace])
    suits = [:clubs, :diamonds, :hearts, :spades]
    cards = multiply(ranks, suits)
    cards.peek
    lambda { cards.dup }.should raise_error TypeError
  end
end
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如上面的规范所示,这些方法使用惰性求值。

zip此外,此处定义的、chain和函数的主要弱点multiply是生成的枚举器无法轻松复制或克隆,因为我们没有编写任何代码来复制这些新枚举器所依赖的枚举参数。您可能需要创建一个子类Enumerator或创建一个包含Enumerable模块或类似内容的类才能dup正常工作。