gny*_*his 129 c linux serial-port
我对读取和写入串口有点困惑.我在Linux中有一个使用FTDI USB串行设备转换器驱动程序的USB设备.当我插入它时,它会创建:/ dev/ttyUSB1.
我认为在C中打开和读/写它很简单.我知道波特率和奇偶校验信息,但似乎没有标准吗？
我错过了什么,或者有人能指出我正确的方向吗？
wal*_*lyk 239
我很久以前写过这篇文章(从1985年到1992年,从那时起只进行了一些调整),只需复制并粘贴每个项目所需的位.
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int
set_interface_attribs (int fd, int speed, int parity)
{
struct termios tty;
if (tcgetattr (fd, &tty) != 0)
{
error_message ("error %d from tcgetattr", errno);
return -1;
}
cfsetospeed (&tty, speed);
cfsetispeed (&tty, speed);
tty.c_cflag = (tty.c_cflag & ~CSIZE) | CS8; // 8-bit chars
// disable IGNBRK for mismatched speed tests; otherwise receive break
// as \000 chars
tty.c_iflag &= ~IGNBRK; // disable break processing
tty.c_lflag = 0; // no signaling chars, no echo,
// no canonical processing
tty.c_oflag = 0; // no remapping, no delays
tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 0; // read doesn't block
tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 5; // 0.5 seconds read timeout
tty.c_iflag &= ~(IXON | IXOFF | IXANY); // shut off xon/xoff ctrl
tty.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL | CREAD);// ignore modem controls,
// enable reading
tty.c_cflag &= ~(PARENB | PARODD); // shut off parity
tty.c_cflag |= parity;
tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB;
tty.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS;
if (tcsetattr (fd, TCSANOW, &tty) != 0)
{
error_message ("error %d from tcsetattr", errno);
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
void
set_blocking (int fd, int should_block)
{
struct termios tty;
memset (&tty, 0, sizeof tty);
if (tcgetattr (fd, &tty) != 0)
{
error_message ("error %d from tggetattr", errno);
return;
}
tty.c_cc[VMIN] = should_block ? 1 : 0;
tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 5; // 0.5 seconds read timeout
if (tcsetattr (fd, TCSANOW, &tty) != 0)
error_message ("error %d setting term attributes", errno);
}
...
char *portname = "/dev/ttyUSB1"
...
int fd = open (portname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_SYNC);
if (fd < 0)
{
error_message ("error %d opening %s: %s", errno, portname, strerror (errno));
return;
}
set_interface_attribs (fd, B115200, 0); // set speed to 115,200 bps, 8n1 (no parity)
set_blocking (fd, 0); // set no blocking
write (fd, "hello!\n", 7); // send 7 character greeting
usleep ((7 + 25) * 100); // sleep enough to transmit the 7 plus
// receive 25: approx 100 uS per char transmit
char buf [100];
int n = read (fd, buf, sizeof buf); // read up to 100 characters if ready to read
对速度的值是cfmakeraw,tty,tcgetattr,struct termios,tty,tcsetattr,read(3),B115200,B230400,等.用于奇偶校验的值B9600(意味着没有奇偶校验), B19200(启用奇偶并使用奇数), B38400(启用奇偶校验并使用偶数), B57600(标记奇偶校验),和B1200(空间平价).
"阻塞"设置B2400端口上是否等待指定数量的字符到达.设置无阻塞意味着B4800返回多个字符,而无需等待更多,直到缓冲区限制.
附录:
0仅需要选择标记和空间奇偶校验,这是不常见的.对于大多数应用程序,它可以省略.仅当PARENB|PARODD定义PARENB了预处理程序符号时,我的头文件才能PARENB|PARODD|CMSPAR定义.该定义发生在(in PARENB|CMSPAR)with
#if defined _BSD_SOURCE || defined _SVID_SOURCE
#define __USE_MISC 1
#endif
介绍性评论read()说:
/* These are defined by the user (or the compiler)
to specify the desired environment:
...
_BSD_SOURCE ISO C, POSIX, and 4.3BSD things.
_SVID_SOURCE ISO C, POSIX, and SVID things.
...
*/
saw*_*ust 45
对于符合POSIX标准的演示代码,如正确设置终端模式
和POSIX操作系统的串行编程指南中所述,提供以下内容.
它基本上来自其他答案,但不正确和误导性的评论已被纠正.
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int set_interface_attribs(int fd, int speed)
{
struct termios tty;
if (tcgetattr(fd, &tty) < 0) {
printf("Error from tcgetattr: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
cfsetospeed(&tty, (speed_t)speed);
cfsetispeed(&tty, (speed_t)speed);
tty.c_cflag |= (CLOCAL | CREAD); /* ignore modem controls */
tty.c_cflag &= ~CSIZE;
tty.c_cflag |= CS8; /* 8-bit characters */
tty.c_cflag &= ~PARENB; /* no parity bit */
tty.c_cflag &= ~CSTOPB; /* only need 1 stop bit */
tty.c_cflag &= ~CRTSCTS; /* no hardware flowcontrol */
/* setup for non-canonical mode */
tty.c_iflag &= ~(IGNBRK | BRKINT | PARMRK | ISTRIP | INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IXON);
tty.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ECHONL | ICANON | ISIG | IEXTEN);
tty.c_oflag &= ~OPOST;
/* fetch bytes as they become available */
tty.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 1;
if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tty) != 0) {
printf("Error from tcsetattr: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
void set_mincount(int fd, int mcount)
{
struct termios tty;
if (tcgetattr(fd, &tty) < 0) {
printf("Error tcgetattr: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return;
}
tty.c_cc[VMIN] = mcount ? 1 : 0;
tty.c_cc[VTIME] = 5; /* half second timer */
if (tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &tty) < 0)
printf("Error tcsetattr: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
int main()
{
char *portname = "/dev/ttyUSB0";
int fd;
int wlen;
fd = open(portname, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_SYNC);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("Error opening %s: %s\n", portname, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
/*baudrate 115200, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop bit */
set_interface_attribs(fd, B115200);
//set_mincount(fd, 0); /* set to pure timed read */
/* simple output */
wlen = write(fd, "Hello!\n", 7);
if (wlen != 7) {
printf("Error from write: %d, %d\n", wlen, errno);
}
tcdrain(fd); /* delay for output */
/* simple noncanonical input */
do {
unsigned char buf[80];
int rdlen;
rdlen = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
if (rdlen > 0) {
#ifdef DISPLAY_STRING
buf[rdlen] = 0;
printf("Read %d: \"%s\"\n", rdlen, buf);
#else /* display hex */
unsigned char *p;
printf("Read %d:", rdlen);
for (p = buf; rdlen-- > 0; p++)
printf(" 0x%x", *p);
printf("\n");
#endif
} else if (rdlen < 0) {
printf("Error from read: %d: %s\n", rdlen, strerror(errno));
} else { /* rdlen == 0 */
printf("Timeout from read\n");
}
/* repeat read to get full message */
} while (1);
}
要使程序将接收的数据视为ASCII代码,请使用符号DISPLAY_STRING编译程序,例如
cc -DDISPLAY_STRING demo.c