如何在 Entity Framework Core 5/6 中映射 Nullable<Ulid> (或任何其他可为 null 的自定义结构)?

Zej*_*jji 5 .net c# entity-framework dbcontext entity-framework-core

采用以下 Entity Framework Core 实体类:

public interface IEntity
{
    public Ulid Id { get; set; }
}

public class User : IEntity
{
    [Key]
    public Ulid Id { get; set; }
    public string Email { get; set; } = default!;
    public string FirstName { get; set; } = default!;
    public string LastName { get; set; } = default!;
    public Ulid? CompanyId { get; set; }

    // Navigation properties
    public Company? Company { get; set; } = default!;
}
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请注意,主键是一个不可为 null 的 Ulid,它是在此第 3 方库中定义的结构,并允许在数据库外部生成可排序的唯一标识符。

我根据此处的库说明将 Ulid 映射到bytea实体框架中的 PostgreSQL 列DbContext,如下所示:

protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    var bytesConverter = new UlidToBytesConverter();

    foreach (var entityType in modelBuilder.Model.GetEntityTypes())
    {
        // Don't use database-generated values for primary keys
        if (typeof(IEntity).IsAssignableFrom(entityType.ClrType))
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity(entityType.ClrType)
                .Property<Ulid>(nameof(IEntity.Id)).ValueGeneratedNever();
        }

        // Convert Ulids to bytea when persisting
        foreach (var property in entityType.GetProperties())
        {
            if (property.ClrType == typeof(Ulid) || property.ClrType == typeof(Ulid?))
            {
                property.SetValueConverter(bytesConverter);
            }
        }
    }
}

public class UlidToBytesConverter : ValueConverter<Ulid, byte[]>
{
    private static readonly ConverterMappingHints DefaultHints = new ConverterMappingHints(size: 16);

    public UlidToBytesConverter(ConverterMappingHints? mappingHints = null)
        : base(
                convertToProviderExpression: x => x.ToByteArray(),
                convertFromProviderExpression: x => new Ulid(x),
                mappingHints: DefaultHints.With(mappingHints))
    {
    }
}
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此映射适用于不可为空的 Ulids,但无法映射该属性,因为它可以为空(这反映了 a可选属于 a 的User.CompanyId事实)。具体来说,我收到以下错误:UserCompany

System.InvalidOperationException: The property 'User.CompanyId' could not be mapped because it is of type 'Nullable<Ulid>', which is not a supported primitive type or a valid entity type. Either explicitly map this property, or ignore it using the '[NotMapped]' attribute or by using 'EntityTypeBuilder.Ignore' in 'OnModelCreating'.
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure.ModelValidator.ValidatePropertyMapping(IModel model, IDiagnosticsLogger`1 logger)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure.ModelValidator.Validate(IModel model, IDiagnosticsLogger`1 logger)
...
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是否可以在 EF Core 5/6 中映射自定义可为 null 的结构类型,如果可以,如何映射?我花了几个小时搜索实体框架文档、Google 和 Github,但没有成功找到明确的答案。

Zej*_*jji 4

经过大量的进一步实验后,我发现我原来问题中的错误消息最终是一个转移注意力的事情,而使用继承UlidToBytesConverterValueConverter足够了!

该问题似乎是由于使用自定义类型作为主键和外键破坏了 EF Core基于约定的外键属性映射(例如自动映射CompanyIdCompany导航属性)而引起的。我找不到任何描述此行为的文档。

因此,EF Core 试图创建一个新属性CompanyId1,但由于某种原因,值转换器没有被应用。

ForeignKey解决方案是向属性添加属性CompanyId,如下所示:

public class User : IEntity
{
    [Key]
    public Ulid Id { get; set; }
    public string Email { get; set; } = default!;
    public string FirstName { get; set; } = default!;
    public string LastName { get; set; } = default!;
    [ForeignKey(nameof(Company))]
    public Ulid? CompanyId { get; set; }

    // Navigation properties
    public Company? Company { get; set; } = default!;
}
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