我一直在我的项目中使用 tkinter 滚动条。但是，当我使用属性 troughcolor 时，滚动条的颜色不会改变。所以，我想为 tkinter 和 python 制作一个自定义滚动条，可用于滚动框架。然后我将为这个自定义滚动条添加颜色。有什么办法可以做到吗？这是我的代码：
root=Tk()
container = ttk.Frame(root)
canvas = Canvas(container, highlightbackground="black", highlightthickness=1, bg="black", width=400, height=600)
scrollbar = Scrollbar(container, orient="vertical", command=canvas.yview, troughcolor="red")
scrollable_frame = ttk.Frame(canvas)
scrollable_frame.bind(
"<Configure>",
lambda e: canvas.configure(
scrollregion=canvas.bbox("all")
)
)
canvas.create_window((0, 0), window=scrollable_frame, anchor="nw")
canvas.configure(yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set)
container.pack()
canvas.pack(side="left", fill="both", expand=True)
scrollbar.pack(side="right", fill="y")
root.mainloop()
根据 Bryan Oakley 的评论和他在 SO 上的各种帖子，以及我几天的工作，这里是这个问题的一个相当完整的答案。该滚动条是可配置的，并且可以在不需要时选择隐藏。我是初学者，这可以改进，但似乎工作正常。我留下了我的评论，以及 Bryan Oakley 在原始帖子中的评论，他在其中展示了部分代码。这对我来说并不容易做到，评论可能会帮助别人更好地理解它。我几周前编写了这段代码，到目前为止运行良好。
import tkinter as tk
'''
Much of this code was elucidated by Bryan Oakley on StackOverflow.com.
Without his explanations and examples, I would not have figured out how to
create a configurable Tkinter scrollbar. Any mistakes in this code are mine
of course.
I didn't add the little arrows at the ends of the trough.
'''
class Scrollbar(tk.Canvas):
'''
A scrollbar is gridded as a sibling of what it's scrolling.
'''
def __init__(self, parent, orient='vertical', hideable=False, **kwargs):
print('kwargs is', kwargs)
'''
kwargs is {
'width': 17,
'command': <bound method YView.yview of
<widgets.Text object .!canvas.!frame.!frame.!text>>}
/sf/ask/1078777521/
You can use dict.pop:... delete an item in a dictionary only if the given key exists... not certain if key exists in the dictionary...
mydict.pop("key", None)
...if the second argument, None is not given, KeyError is raised if the key is not in the dictionary. Providing the second argument prevents the conditional exception... the second argument to .pop() is what it returns if the key is not found.
'''
self.command = kwargs.pop('command', None)
print('self.command is', self.command)
tk.Canvas.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
self.orient = orient
self.hideable = hideable
self.new_start_y = 0
self.new_start_x = 0
self.first_y = 0
self.first_x = 0
self.slidercolor = 'steelblue'
self.troughcolor = 'lightgray'
self.config(bg=self.troughcolor, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
# coordinates are irrelevant; they will be recomputed
# in the 'set' method
self.create_rectangle(
0, 0, 1, 1,
fill=self.slidercolor,
width=2, # this is border width
outline='teal',
tags=('slider',))
self.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self.move_on_click)
self.bind('<ButtonPress-1>', self.start_scroll, add='+')
self.bind('<B1-Motion>', self.move_on_scroll)
self.bind('<ButtonRelease-1>', self.end_scroll)
def set(self, lo, hi):
'''
For resizing & repositioning the slider. The hideable
scrollbar portion is by Fredrik Lundh, one of Tkinter's authors.
'''
lo = float(lo)
hi = float(hi)
if self.hideable is True:
if lo <= 0.0 and hi >= 1.0:
self.grid_remove()
return
else:
self.grid()
height = self.winfo_height()
width = self.winfo_width()
if self.orient == 'vertical':
x0 = 2
y0 = max(int(height * lo), 0)
x1 = width - 2
y1 = min(int(height * hi), height)
# This was the tricky part of making a horizontal scrollbar
# when I already knew how to make a vertical one.
# You can't just change all the "height" to "width"
# and "y" to "x". You also have to reverse what x0 etc
# are equal to, comparing code in if and elif. Till that was
# done, everything worked but the horizontal scrollbar's
# slider moved up & down.
elif self.orient == 'horizontal':
x0 = max(int(width * lo), 0)
y0 = 2
x1 = min(int(width * hi), width)
y1 = height
self.coords('slider', x0, y0, x1, y1)
self.x0 = x0
self.y0 = y0
self.x1 = x1
self.y1 = y1
def move_on_click(self, event):
if self.orient == 'vertical':
# don't scroll on click if mouse pointer is w/in slider
y = event.y / self.winfo_height()
if event.y < self.y0 or event.y > self.y1:
self.command('moveto', y)
# get starting position of a scrolling event
else:
self.first_y = event.y
elif self.orient == 'horizontal':
# do nothing if mouse pointer is w/in slider
x = event.x / self.winfo_width()
if event.x < self.x0 or event.x > self.x1:
self.command('moveto', x)
# get starting position of a scrolling event
else:
self.first_x = event.x
def start_scroll(self, event):
if self.orient == 'vertical':
self.last_y = event.y
self.y_move_on_click = int(event.y - self.coords('slider')[1])
elif self.orient == 'horizontal':
self.last_x = event.x
self.x_move_on_click = int(event.x - self.coords('slider')[0])
def end_scroll(self, event):
if self.orient == 'vertical':
self.new_start_y = event.y
elif self.orient == 'horizontal':
self.new_start_x = event.x
def move_on_scroll(self, event):
# Only scroll if the mouse moves a few pixels. This makes
# the click-in-trough work right even if the click smears
# a little. Otherwise, a perfectly motionless mouse click
# is the only way to get the trough click to work right.
# Setting jerkiness to 5 or more makes very sloppy trough
# clicking work, but then scrolling is not smooth. 3 is OK.
jerkiness = 3
if self.orient == 'vertical':
if abs(event.y - self.last_y) < jerkiness:
return
# scroll the scrolled widget in proportion to mouse motion
# compute whether scrolling up or down
delta = 1 if event.y > self.last_y else -1
# remember this location for the next time this is called
self.last_y = event.y
# do the scroll
self.command('scroll', delta, 'units')
# afix slider to mouse pointer
mouse_pos = event.y - self.first_y
if self.new_start_y != 0:
mouse_pos = event.y - self.y_move_on_click
self.command('moveto', mouse_pos/self.winfo_height())
elif self.orient == 'horizontal':
if abs(event.x - self.last_x) < jerkiness:
return
# scroll the scrolled widget in proportion to mouse motion
# compute whether scrolling left or right
delta = 1 if event.x > self.last_x else -1
# remember this location for the next time this is called
self.last_x = event.x
# do the scroll
self.command('scroll', delta, 'units')
# afix slider to mouse pointer
mouse_pos = event.x - self.first_x
if self.new_start_x != 0:
mouse_pos = event.x - self.x_move_on_click
self.command('moveto', mouse_pos/self.winfo_width())
def colorize(self):
print('colorize')
self.slidercolor = 'blue'
self.troughcolor = 'bisque'
self.config(bg=self.troughcolor)
if __name__ == '__main__':
def resize_scrollbar():
root.update_idletasks()
canvas.config(scrollregion=canvas.bbox('all'))
def resize_window():
root.update_idletasks()
page_x = content.winfo_reqwidth()
page_y = content.winfo_reqheight()
root.geometry('{}x{}'.format(page_x, page_y))
root = tk.Tk()
root.config(bg='yellow')
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=0)
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, bg='tan')
canvas.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='news')
content = tk.Frame(canvas)
content.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
content.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
ysb_canv = Scrollbar(root, width=24, hideable=True, command=canvas.yview)
xsb_canv = Scrollbar(root, height=24, hideable=True, command=canvas.xview, orient='horizontal')
canvas.config(yscrollcommand=ysb_canv.set, xscrollcommand=xsb_canv.set)
frame = tk.Frame(content)
frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=0)
frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
text = tk.Text(frame, bd=0)
ysb_txt = Scrollbar(frame, width=17, command=text.yview)
text.config(yscrollcommand=ysb_txt.set)
space = tk.Frame(content, width=1200, height=500)
ysb_canv.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='ns')
xsb_canv.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='ew')
frame.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='news')
text.grid(column=0, row=0)
ysb_txt.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky='ns')
space.grid(column=0, row=1)
with open(__file__, 'r') as f:
text.insert('end', f.read())
canvas.create_window(0, 0, anchor='nw', window=content)
resize_scrollbar()
resize_window()
root.mainloop()