psycopg2 安装在运行 MacOS Big Sur 的 M1 上，但无法运行本地服务器

Question

我有一台运行 Apple M1 芯片的新款 (2021) Macbook Air。我已经设置了我的 django 应用程序，它使用 postgresql，并且创建了一个运行 Python 3.9.2 的 virtualenv。直接从 python.org 上的 macOS 64 位 universal2 安装程序安装了 Python。经过很多困难，我终于能够使用以下命令安装 psycopg2：

env LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/openssl@1.1/lib -L/opt/homebrew/opt/readline/lib" pip3 --no-cache install psycopg2-binary==2.8.6

我能够通过 SSH 连接到我的 PostgreSQL 数据库，但是当我运行 python manage.py runserver 时，出现以下错误（由于长度而有所删节）。

File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib
/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/contrib
/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/mode
ls/base.py", line 121, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/mode
ls/base.py", line 325, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/mode
ls/options.py", line 208, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())

  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/__in
it__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/util
s.py", line 207, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/util
s.py", line 111, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/lib/python3.9/importlib/__
init__.py", line 127, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/django/db/back
ends/postgresql/base.py", line 29, in <module>
    raise ImproperlyConfigured("Error loading psycopg2 module: %s" % e)
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading psycopg2 module: dlopen(/
Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.cpyth
on-39-darwin.so, 2): Symbol not found: _PQbackendPID
  Referenced from: /Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psy
copg2/_psycopg.cpython-39-darwin.so
  Expected in: flat namespace
 in /Users/seb/.virtualenvs/onefabric/lib/python3.9/site-packages/psycopg2/_psycopg.
cpython-39-darwin.so

我该如何解决这个问题并运行我的本地服务器？

Answer 1

从源代码安装 libpq 让一切再次正常运行。当然，请在 Rosetta 终端中执行此操作。

$ brew install libpq --build-from-source

$ export LDFLAGS="-L/opt/homebrew/opt/libpq/lib"

$ pip install psycopg2

礼貌：https ://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2/issues/1216#issuecomment-767892042

补充：如果还是不行，请尝试

brew install openssl

export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include"

然后安装psycopg2

pip3 install psycopg2

Answer 2

这对我有用：https ://github.com/psycopg/psycopg2/issues/1208#issuecomment-768594079

我删除了 virtualenv 并重新创建了它运行

python3 -m venv ~/.virtualenvs/onefabric

Atom 终端内