简单的 django 通道应用程序未与 daphne 一起运行

Question

I\xe2\x80\x99m 试图让 django 通道与 daphne 一起运行，但我总是以这个结束

\n

x8/backback/mysite \xc2\xbb daphne mysite.asgi:application                                                                                 1 \xe2\x86\xb5\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/bin/daphne", line 8, in <module>\n    sys.exit(CommandLineInterface.entrypoint())\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/daphne/cli.py", line 170, in entrypoint\n    cls().run(sys.argv[1:])\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/daphne/cli.py", line 232, in run\n    application = import_by_path(args.application)\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/daphne/utils.py", line 12, in import_by_path\n    target = importlib.import_module(module_path)\n  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.8/lib/python3.8/importlib/__init__.py", line 127, in import_module\n    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)\n  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1014, in _gcd_import\n  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 991, in _find_and_load\n  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 975, in _find_and_load_unlocked\n  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 671, in _load_unlocked\n  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 783, in exec_module\n  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed\n  File "./mysite/asgi.py", line 11, in <module>\n    from channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/channels/auth.py", line 12, in <module>\n    from django.contrib.auth.models import AnonymousUser\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>\n    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 48, in <module>\n    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 108, in __new__\n    app_config = apps.get_containing_app_config(module)\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 253, in get_containing_app_config\n    self.check_apps_ready()\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 135, in check_apps_ready\n    settings.INSTALLED_APPS\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 82, in __getattr__\n    self._setup(name)\n  File "/Users/me/.local/share/virtualenvs/backback-jdouan2y/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 63, in _setup\n    raise ImproperlyConfigured(\ndjango.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting INSTALLED_APPS, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.\n

\n

我有

\n

姜戈==3.1.7

\n

达芙妮==3.0.1

\n

频道==3.0.3

\n

我成功地从他们的网站完成了频道设置https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tutorial/part_1.html

\n

但最终当我尝试一个简单的方法时，它\xe2\x80\x99t 不适用于达芙妮：

\n

daphne mysite.asgi:application  \n

\n

或者

\n

daphne -p 8001 mysite.asgi:application   \n

\n

这是我当前的 asgi.py

\n

import os\nimport django\nfrom channels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack\nfrom channels.routing import ProtocolTypeRouter, URLRouter\nfrom django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application\nimport chat.routing\n\nos.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")\ndjango.setup()\napplication = ProtocolTypeRouter({\n  "http": get_asgi_application(),\n  "websocket": AuthMiddlewareStack(\n        URLRouter(\n            chat.routing.websocket_urlpatterns\n        )\n    ),\n})\n

\n

在 runserver 之前我也尝试过：

\n

export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings\n

\n

在做通道教程时，他们要求我们确保通道层可以与 Redis 通信（教程的第 2 部分）

\n

$ python3 manage.py shell\n>>> import channels.layers\n>>> channel_layer = channels.layers.get_channel_layer()\n>>> from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync\n>>> async_to_sync(channel_layer.send)(\'test_channel\', {\'type\': \'hello\'})\n>>> async_to_sync(channel_layer.receive)(\'test_channel\')\n{\'type\': \'hello\'}\n

\n

如果我直接使用 python3 shell 而不是 python3 manage.py shell，我会收到与尝试运行 daphne 时遇到的类似错误。我想也许有联系，但我不知道在哪里以及为什么。我花了好几天的时间，做了又重做，请帮忙~

\n

Answer 1

是的，在你的 asgi.py 中，你必须将以下代码移到“fromchannels.auth import AuthMiddlewareStack”之前：

os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', '****.settings')
django.setup()

看图片 https://i.stack.imgur.com/szSw4.jpg