Vin*_*ent 2 python matplotlib bar-chart pandas seaborn
如何修改以下代码以显示条形图的每个条上的平均值以及不同的误差条?
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
sns.set_style("white")
a,b,c,d = [],[],[],[]
for i in range(1,5):
np.random.seed(i)
a.append(np.random.uniform(35,55))
b.append(np.random.uniform(40,70))
c.append(np.random.uniform(63,85))
d.append(np.random.uniform(59,80))
data_df =pd.DataFrame({'stages':[1,2,3,4],'S1':a,'S2':b,'S3':c,'S4':d})
print("Delay:")
display(data_df)
S1 S2 S3 S4
0 43.340440 61.609735 63.002516 65.348984
1 43.719898 40.777787 75.092575 68.141770
2 46.015958 61.244435 69.399904 69.727380
3 54.340597 56.416967 84.399056 74.011136
meansd_df=data_df.describe().loc[['mean', 'std'],:].drop('stages', axis = 1)
display(meansd_df)
sns.set()
sns.set_style('darkgrid',{"axes.facecolor": ".92"}) # (1)
sns.set_context('notebook')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize = (8,6))
x = meansd_df.columns
y = meansd_df.loc['mean',:]
yerr = meansd_df.loc['std',:]
plt.xlabel("Time", size=14)
plt.ylim(-0.3, 100)
width = 0.45
for i, j,k in zip(x,y,yerr): # (2)
ax.bar(i,j, width, yerr = k, edgecolor = "black",
error_kw=dict(lw=1, capsize=8, capthick=1)) # (3)
ax.set(ylabel = 'Delay')
from matplotlib import ticker
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(ticker.MultipleLocator(10))
plt.savefig("Over.png", dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
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seaborn.barplot带有上限的误差线,data_df必须从宽格式转换为整洁(长)格式,这可以通过pandas.DataFrame.stack或pandas.DataFrame.melt
.iloc[:, 1:]用于跳过'stages'列索引 0 处的列。import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# given data_df from the OP, select the columns except stage and reshape to long format
df = data_df.iloc[:, 1:].melt(var_name='set', value_name='val')
# display(df.head())
set val
0 S1 43.340440
1 S1 43.719898
2 S1 46.015958
3 S1 54.340597
4 S2 61.609735
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matplotlib v3.4.2matplotlib.pyplot.bar_labelfmt参数完成,但更复杂的格式化应该用labels参数完成,如底部演示示例中所示,以及如何向条形图添加多个注释。seaborn v0.11.1,它matplotlib用作绘图引擎。fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
# add the plot
sns.barplot(x='set', y='val', data=df, capsize=0.2, ax=ax)
# add the annotation
ax.bar_label(ax.containers[-1], fmt='Mean:\n%.2f', label_type='center')
ax.set(ylabel='Mean Time')
plt.show()
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matplotlib v3.4.2seaborn.barplotmatplotlib3.4.2之前使用estimator参数的默认值是mean,因此条形的高度是组的平均值。p用.get_height,其可用于注释栏。fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 6))
sns.barplot(x='set', y='val', data=df, capsize=0.2, ax=ax)
# show the mean
for p in ax.patches:
h, w, x = p.get_height(), p.get_width(), p.get_x()
xy = (x + w / 2., h / 2)
text = f'Mean:\n{h:0.2f}'
ax.annotate(text=text, xy=xy, ha='center', va='center')
ax.set(xlabel='Delay', ylabel='Time')
plt.show()
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