SQL Server查询调优:为什么CPU时间高于经过时间？它们与设定操作有关吗？

Question

我有两个查询来过滤一些用户ID依赖于问题及其答案.

脚本

查询A是(原始版本):

SELECT userid
FROM mem..ProfileResult
WHERE ( ( QuestionID = 4
          AND QuestionLabelID = 0
          AND AnswerGroupID = 4
          AND ResultValue = 1
        )
        OR ( QuestionID = 14
             AND QuestionLabelID = 0
             AND AnswerGroupID = 19
             AND ResultValue = 3
           )
        OR ( QuestionID = 23
             AND QuestionLabelID = 0
             AND AnswerGroupID = 28
             AND ( ResultValue & 16384 > 0 )
           )
        OR ( QuestionID = 17
             AND QuestionLabelID = 0
             AND AnswerGroupID = 22
             AND ( ResultValue = 6
                   OR ResultValue = 19
                   OR ResultValue = 21
                 )
           )
        OR ( QuestionID = 50
             AND QuestionLabelID = 0
             AND AnswerGroupID = 51
             AND ( ResultValue = 10
                   OR ResultValue = 41
                 )
           )
      )
GROUP BY userid
HAVING COUNT(*) = 5

我使用'set statistics time on'和'set statistic io on'来检查cpu时间和io性能.

结果是:

CPU time = 47206 ms,  elapsed time = 20655 ms.

我通过使用Set Operation重写了Query A,让我把它命名为Query B:

SELECT userid
FROM ( SELECT userid
        FROM mem..ProfileResult
        WHERE QuestionID = 4
            AND QuestionLabelID = 0
            AND AnswerGroupID = 4
            AND ResultValue = 1
       INTERSECT
       SELECT userid
        FROM mem..ProfileResult
        WHERE QuestionID = 14
            AND QuestionLabelID = 0
            AND AnswerGroupID = 19
            AND ResultValue = 3
       INTERSECT
       SELECT userid
        FROM mem..ProfileResult
        WHERE QuestionID = 23
            AND QuestionLabelID = 0
            AND AnswerGroupID = 28
            AND ( ResultValue & 16384 > 0 )
       INTERSECT
       SELECT userid
        FROM mem..ProfileResult
        WHERE QuestionID = 17
            AND QuestionLabelID = 0
            AND AnswerGroupID = 22
            AND ( ResultValue = 6
                  OR ResultValue = 19
                  OR ResultValue = 21
                )
       INTERSECT
       SELECT userid
        FROM mem..ProfileResult
        WHERE QuestionID = 50
            AND QuestionLabelID = 0
            AND AnswerGroupID = 51
            AND ( ResultValue = 10
                  OR ResultValue = 41
                )
     ) vv;

CPU时间和经过时间是:

CPU time = 8480 ms,  elapsed time = 18509 ms

我的简单分析

从最高结果可以看出,查询A的CPU时间超过了经过时间的2倍

我搜索这种情况,大多数人都说CPU时间应该小于Elapsed time,因为CPU时间是CPU运行这个任务多长时间.经过的时间包括I/O时间和其他类型的时间成本.但有一个特例是Server有多个Core CPU.但是,我刚检查了开发数据库服务器,它有一个单核CPU.

问题1

如何在单核CPU环境中解释CPU时间超过查询A中的经过时间？

问题2

之后,使用set操作,性能是否真的提升了？

我有这个问题,因为查询B的逻辑读取是280627,高于查询A的241885

Brad McGehee在他的文章中说," 假设所有其他事情都保持平等,查询执行的逻辑读取越少,效率越高,执行速度越快."

比,是否正确地说,即使查询B具有比查询A更高的逻辑读取,但CPU时间明显小于查询A,查询B应该具有更好的性能.

Answer 1

如果CPU大于已用,则确实有多核或超线程CPU

CPU时间是安装SQL Server引擎的位置.它不适用于本地Management Studio安装.

至于逻辑IO与CPU,我会选择较低的CPU.如果这经常运行并且重叠,那么您将首先耗尽CPU资源.我会尝试一个WHERE EXISTS(UNION ALL)构造并确保我有好的索引.

评论后编辑

• 计划中有并行运算符= OS和SQL Server可见的多个逻辑处理器.所以它要么是多核的,要么是超线程的

试试EXEC xp_msver