使用 DI (injectable-getIt) 在 flutter 中进行测试的正确方法？

Question

从 lib(dev) 代码中初始化的 getIt 获取实例是否可以，或者我应该使用其他方式或其他 DI 设置进行测试？

请参考下面的代码：

 void main() {
      TravellerProfileViewModel travellerProfileViewModel;
      UserService mockUserService;
      setUpAll(() {
        // CoreInjector is initialised in lib, and gives the getIt instance
        CoreInjector.initialize();
        //register mockUserService in place of actual user service in the CoreInjector.getIt
        mockUserService = registerAndGetMock<UserService>(MockUserService());
        // CoreInjector gives TravellerProfileViewModel, injected with UserService
        travellerProfileViewModel =
            CoreInjector.getIt.get<TravellerProfileViewModel>();
      });
}

T registerAndGetMock<T>(T mockAble) {
  _removeRegistrationIfExists<T>();
  CoreInjector.getIt.registerFactory<T>(() => mockAble);
  return mockAble;
}

核心注入器代码

class CoreInjector {
  static GetIt _getIt;

  static GetIt get getIt => _getIt;

  static void initialize() {
    _getIt ??= _configureInjection();
  }
}
@InjectableInit(preferRelativeImports: false)
GetIt _configureInjection() =>
    $initGetIt(GetIt.asNewInstance());

TravellerProfileViewModel 依赖于一个 Service，该服务是通过同一个 CoreInjector 在后台注入的。

构造函数注入也可以吗，或者我应该让构造函数参数可选吗？以下两种方法中哪种方法更好？

@injectable
class TravellerProfileViewModel extends BaseViewModel {
  final UserService _userService;
  //injected by DI under the hood    
  TravellerProfileViewModel(this._userService);
}

可注入生成的代码：

GetIt $initGetIt(
  GetIt get, {
  String environment,
  EnvironmentFilter environmentFilter,
}) {
  final gh = GetItHelper(get, environment, environmentFilter);
  gh.factory<UserService>(() => UserService());
  gh.factory<TravellerProfileViewModel>(
      () => TravellerProfileViewModel(get<UserService>()));
  return get;
}

或者

   @injectable
    class TravellerProfileViewModel extends BaseViewModel {
      UserService _userService;
      //injected by DI under the hood, also gives liberty to pass optional params in case of 
        testing
      TravellerProfileViewModel({UserService userService}){
             _userService = userService?? CoreInjector.getIt.get<UserService>();
      }
    }

可注入生成的代码：

GetIt $initGetIt(
  GetIt get, {
  String environment,
  EnvironmentFilter environmentFilter,
}) {
  final gh = GetItHelper(get, environment, environmentFilter);
  gh.factory<UserService>(() => UserService());
  gh.factory<TravellerProfileViewModel>(
      () => TravellerProfileViewModel(userService: get<UserService>()));
  return get;
}