"仅在第二次和后续测试中找不到#<User ...>的有效映射"

Question

我正在尝试编写一个请求测试,断言应用程序布局上显示正确的链接,具体取决于用户是登录还是退出.FWIW,我正在使用Devise进行身份验证.

这是我的规格:

require 'spec_helper'
require 'devise/test_helpers'

describe "Layout Links" do
  context "the home page" do
    context "session controls" do
      context "for an authenticated user" do
        before do
          # I know these should all operate in isolation, but I
          # want to make sure the user is explicitly logged out
          visit destroy_user_session_path

          @user = Factory(:user, :password => "Asd123", :password_confirmation => "Asd123")
          @user.confirm!

          # I tried adding this per the Devise wiki, but no change
          @request.env["devise.mapping"] = Devise.mappings[:user]

          # Now log a new user in
          visit new_user_session_path
          fill_in "Email",    :with => @user.email
          fill_in "Password", :with => "Asd123"
          click_button "Sign in"
          get '/'
        end

        it "should not have a link to the sign in page" do
          response.should_not have_selector(
            '#session a',
            :href => new_user_session_path
          )
        end

        it "should not have a link to registration page" do
          response.should_not have_selector(
            '#session a',
            :href => new_user_registration_path
          )
        end

        it "should have a link to the edit profile page" do
          response.should have_selector(
            '#session a',
            :content => "My Profile",
            :href => edit_user_registration_path
          )
        end

        it "should have a link to sign out page" do
          response.should have_selector(
            '#session a',
            :content => "Logout",
            :href => destroy_user_session_path
          )
        end
      end # context "for an authenticated user"
    end # context "session controls"
  end
end

第一次测试通过,但最后三次都失败并出现错误

Failure/Error: @user = Factory(:user, :password => "Asd123", :password_confirmation => "Asd123")
  RuntimeError:
    Could not find a valid mapping for #<User id: xxx, ...>

我搜索了Devise wiki,Google小组和搜索结果以查找原因,但我找到的所有问题或建议config.include Devise::TestHelpers, :type => :controller尚未解决,但这仅适用于控制器测试,而不是请求测试.

---

更新

我已经做了一些更多的故障排除,我无法做出最终触发问题的正面或反面.看看下面的代码.

首先,对于某些上下文,这里是用户工厂声明.它在单元测试中工作正常.

# spec/factories.rb
Factory.define :user do |f|
  f.email { Faker::Internet.email }
  f.email_confirmation { |f| f.email }
  f.password "AbcD3fG"
  f.password_confirmation "AbcD3fG"
  f.remember_me { (Random.new.rand(0..1) == 1) ? true : false }
end

现在,考虑以下集成测试

# spec/requests/user_links_spec.rb
require "spec_helper"

describe "User Links" do
  before(:each) do
    # This doesn't trigger the problem
    # @user = nil

    # This doesn't trigger the problem
    # @user = User.new

    # This doesn't trigger the problem
    # @user = User.create(
    #   :email => "foo@bar.co", 
    #   :email_confirmation => "foo@bar.co", 
    #   :password => "asdf1234", 
    #   :password_confirmation => "asdf1234"
    # )

    # This doesn't trigger the problem
    # @user = User.new
    # @user.email = Faker::Internet.email
    # @user.email_confirmation = @user.email
    # @user.password = "AbcD3fG"
    # @user.password_confirmation = "AbcD3fG"
    # @user.remember_me = (Random.new.rand(0..1) == 1) ? true : false
    # @user.save!

    # This triggers the problem!
    @user = Factory(:user)

    # This doesn't trigger the same problem, but it raises a ActiveRecord::AssociationTypeMismatch error instead. Still no idea why. It was working fine before in other request tests.
    # @user = Factory(:brand)
  end

  context "when using `@user = Factory(:user)` in the setup: " do
    2.times do |i|
      it "this should pass on the 1st iteration, but not the 2nd (iteration ##{i+1})" do
        # This doesn't trigger an error
        true.should_not eql(false)
      end

      it "this should pass on the 1st iteration, but trigger the error that causes all successive test cases to fail (iteration ##{i+1})" do
        # Every test case after this will be borken!
        get '/'
      end

      it "this will fail on all iterations (iteration ##{i+1})" do
        # This will now trigger an error
        true.should_not eql(false)
      end
    end
  end
end

如果我们注释掉或get '/'用其他任何东西替换该位(或根本没有),测试都运行正常.

所以,我不知道这是否是一个factory_girl问题(我倾向于怀疑它,因为我可以在其他地方使用用户工厂没有问题)或一个Devise问题(我在我的应用程序中设置了这个gem后开始出现这些错误,但我也只有一个其他的请求测试,它确实工作正常,但现在得到了AssociationTypeMismatch错误;相关≠因果关系......)或RSpec问题或其他一些奇怪的边缘情况宝石冲突.

Answer 1

将此行添加到routes.rb中

# Devise routes
devise_for :users # Or the name of your custom model

Answer 2

感谢:http://blog.thefrontiergroup.com.au/2011/03/reloading-factory-girl-factories-in-the-rails-3-console/

"Devise使用类和路由之间的映射,因此当工厂构建的对象在控制台重新加载或类重新定义后进入Devise时,它将失败."

把它放在初始化器或application.rb中

ActionDispatch::Callbacks.after do
  # Reload the factories
  return unless (Rails.env.development? || Rails.env.test?)

  unless FactoryGirl.factories.blank? # first init will load factories, this should only run on subsequent reloads
    FactoryGirl.factories.clear
    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
  end
end

Answer 3

对于未来的读者:我收到了同样的错误,但原因不同.

我们的应用程序有多个用户模型,其中一个来自另一个

为了论证:

class SimpleUser

class User < SimpleUser

在我的控制器中,我使用了对SimpleUser(父类)的引用,但是Devise被配置为使用User(子类).

在调用Devise :: Mapping.find_scope期间!它确实.is_a？与对象引用和配置的类进行比较.

由于我的引用是SimpleUser,配置的类是User,.is_a？失败,因为比较是询问父类是否__？子类,总是错误的.

希望能帮助别人.