安装 OpenCV 失败，因为它找不到“skbuild”

Question

我有一个 docker 镜像，我需要在其中安装 openCV，从昨天开始它开始失败，因为它找不到“skbuild”模块：

Step 12/24 : RUN pip install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python
 ---> Running in a0f746a23aed
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/49f034f8d109efcf9b7e98fbc051878b83b2f02a1c73f92bbd37f317288e/opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9MB)
    Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
      File "/tmp/pip-build-cciracwm/opencv-python/setup.py", line 9, in <module>
        import skbuild
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'skbuild'

在主机上，我也找不到该模块，pip search要么不返回任何内容，要么返回服务器错误：

sudo pip3 search skbuild
WARNING: The directory '/home/ali/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned or is not writable by the current user. The cache has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 216, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 60, in run
    pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 80, in search
    hits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1112, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1452, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py", line 45, in request
    return self.parse_response(response.raw)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1342, in parse_response
    return u.close()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 656, in close
    raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpc.client.Fault: <Fault -32403: 'server error; service unavailable'>

这是因为他们的服务器有问题还是与我的点有关？

更新

我在不同的 python 和 pip 版本、python 版本 3.6 和 3.7 以及 pip 版本 19.12、20.2.2 和 9.0.1（内部图像）上尝试了它。

更新 2

我pip install scikit-build在安装 opencv 之前添加了一个步骤，但出现了另一个与 cmake 相关的错误：

Step 12/25 : RUN pip install scikit-build
 ---> Running in afe0c5c0fca0
Collecting scikit-build
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/78/c9/7c2c7397ea64e36ebb292446896edcdecbb8c1aa6b9a1a32f6f67984c3df/scikit_build-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (72kB)
Collecting packaging (from scikit-build)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/46/19/c5ab91b1b05cfe63cccd5cfc971db9214c6dd6ced54e33c30d5af1d2bc43/packaging-20.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: wheel>=0.29.0 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from scikit-build)
Collecting distro (from scikit-build)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/b7/b3c4270a11414cb22c6352ebc7a83aaa3712043be29daa05018fd5a5c956/distro-1.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=28.0.0; python_version >= "3" in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from scikit-build)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from packaging->scikit-build)
Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2 (from packaging->scikit-build)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/bb/488841f56197b13700afd5658fc279a2025a39e22449b7cf29864669b15d/pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, packaging, distro, scikit-build
Successfully installed distro-1.5.0 packaging-20.4 pyparsing-2.4.7 scikit-build-0.11.1
Removing intermediate container afe0c5c0fca0
 ---> 533658ddf26d
Step 13/25 : RUN pip install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python
 ---> Running in 0f2c03bc042a
Collecting opencv-python
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/49f034f8d109efcf9b7e98fbc051878b83b2f02a1c73f92bbd37f317288e/opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9MB)
Collecting opencv-contrib-python
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/98/05bd8e00c71b66c4e7847cc051cac404191d904df58b51a7dcc3767ff747/opencv_contrib_python-4.2.0.34-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (34.2MB)
Collecting numpy>=1.14.5 (from opencv-python)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/d1/90cd7e0b27ee86d77f5386d38b74520486100286d50772377791b6ef22ff/numpy-1.19.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.4MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python: started
  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python: finished with status 'error'
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w49xv99a/opencv-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpycj03zlwpip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
  /usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
    warnings.warn(msg)
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
      cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
      self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
    File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
      "Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
  
  Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake
  
  ----------------------------------------
  Failed building wheel for opencv-python
  Running setup.py clean for opencv-python
Failed to build opencv-python
Installing collected packages: numpy, opencv-python, opencv-contrib-python
  Found existing installation: numpy 1.13.3
    Not uninstalling numpy at /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, outside environment /usr
  Running setup.py install for opencv-python: started
    Running setup.py install for opencv-python: finished with status 'error'
    Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w49xv99a/opencv-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-maky1uyw-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
    /usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
        cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
        self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
      File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
        "Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
    
    Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake

Answer 1

如果您阅读opencv-python PyPI 中的包常见问题解答，它清楚地为这个特定问题提供了答案：您必须运行pip install --upgrade pip. 检查pip版本之后用pip -V。

这是因为您pip太老了，无法理解新的manylinux2014包格式并尝试从源代码编译。这也会失败，因为pip太老了，无法理解如何使用pyproject.toml来安装构建依赖项，例如scikit-build.

我发现的另一个问题是您同时安装opencv-python和opencv-contrib-python. 你不应该这样做。它也在包的 PyPI 页面中进行了解释。很可能您应该只使用opencv-contrib-python-headless包，因为您使用的是 Docker，我假设您不使用 OpenCV 的 GUI 功能。

Answer 2

只需更新点子，它就会工作

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

Answer 3

skbuild 用于 Scikit 构建。

使用 pip 安装它：

至于窗户： pip install scikit-build

安装成功后：

pip install cmake

Answer 4

由于我安装了 python3，所以我必须使用

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

Answer 5

只需更新点子。如果你使用 python3 那么：

pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install opencv-python

Answer 6

2021 年 5 月 11 日：在新的 ubuntu18 virtualbox 映像上遇到同样的问题。这对我有用

sudo -H pip3 install --upgrade pip

pip3 install opencv-python