Van*_* D. 5 generics type-inference typescript typescript-generics
作为打字稿新手用户,我什至在提出问题时都遇到困难,所以请耐心等待。
我试图创建一个 key => [string + valueObject 接口] 字符串和 valueObjects (作为类型)的映射,然后有一个函数,它根据传递的键强制执行 valueObject 接口。
我觉得最好用一个例子来解释:
// This is an pseudo example stub, not actually working
type ReplaceableWith<T> = string;
// ^ the type I'd like to enforce as the argument
const templates = {
// templateId // template // define somehow the interface required for this template
'animal.sound': 'A {animal} goes {sound}' as ReplaceableWith<{ animal: string; sound: string}>
};
function renderTemplate(
templateId , // must be a key of templates
params // must match value object type, based on templateId
): string {
let rendered = templates[templateId];
for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(params)) {
// replace keys from template with values
rendered = rendered.replace('{' + key + '}', value);
}
return rendered;
}
const a = renderTemplate('animal.sound', { animal: 'Dog', sound: 'woof' })
// ^ a = 'A Dog goes woof'
const b = renderTemplate('animal.sound', { name: 'Some' });
// ^ should throw TS error
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显然,这个例子不起作用,但我认为它展示了我想要实现的目标。我对 keyof、泛型和枚举进行了一些未经教育的尝试,但没有成功。
这种类型映射(或查找)是否可能?
经过一番尝试后,这是一个包含潜在解决方案的工作示例:
type TemplateKeys = {
'animal.sound': { animal: string; sound: string };
'animal.sleep': { location: string };
'animal.herd': { expectedCount: number; available: number };
'animal.think': undefined;
};
const templates: {[key in keyof TemplateKeys]: string} = {
'animal.sound': '{animal} goes {sound}',
'animal.sleep': 'It sleeps in {location}',
'animal.herd': 'There is {available} animals out of {expectedCount}',
'animal.think': 'Its thinking'
};
function renderTemplate<K extends keyof TemplateKeys>(key: K, params?: TemplateKeys[K]): string {
if (params !== undefined) {
//@ts-ignore
return Object.entries(params).reduce((previousValue: string, [param, value]: [string, any]) => {
return previousValue.replace('{' + param + '}', value);
}, templates[key]);
}
return templates[key];
}
console.log(renderTemplate('animal.sound', { animal: 'Dog', sound: 'woof' }));
console.log(renderTemplate('animal.sleep', { location: 'a hut' }));
console.log(renderTemplate('animal.herd', { expectedCount: 20, available: 10 }));
console.log(renderTemplate('animal.think'));
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输出:
[LOG]: Dog goes woof
[LOG]: It sleeps in a hut
[LOG]: There is 10 animals out of 20
[LOG]: Its thinking
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虽然这有效,但它有两个问题:
2021 年 9 月 17 日更新
我已经删除了所有重复的代码。
我还创建了允许参数的联合 - Params。请参阅更新的示例
const enum Animal {
sound = 'animal.sound',
sleep = 'animal.sleep',
herd = 'animal.herd',
think = 'animal.think',
}
type TemplateKeys = {
[Animal.sound]: { animal: string; sound: string };
[Animal.sleep]: { location: string };
[Animal.herd]: { expectedCount: number; available: number };
[Animal.think]?: string;
};
const templates = {
[Animal.sound]: '{animal} goes {sound}',
[Animal.sleep]: 'It sleeps in {location}',
[Animal.herd]: 'There is {available} animals out of {expectedCount}',
[Animal.think]: 'Its thinking'
} as const;
type Templates = typeof templates;
type Values<T> = T[keyof T]
type Dictionary = {
[Prop in keyof TemplateKeys]:
(key: Prop, params: TemplateKeys[Prop]) => string
}
type Params =
Parameters<
NonNullable<
Values<Dictionary>
>
>
const renderTemplate = (...params: Params) => {
const [key, ...props] = params;
if (props !== undefined) {
// @ts-ignore
const result = (Object.entries(props) as Array<Params>)
.reduce<string>((previousValue, [param, value]) =>
typeof value === 'string'
? previousValue.replace('{' + param + '}', value)
: previousValue,
templates[key]
);
return result
}
return templates[key];
}
renderTemplate(Animal.sleep, { location: 'a hut' }) // ok
renderTemplate(Animal.herd, { expectedCount: 20, available: 10 }) // ok
renderTemplate(Animal.sound, { location: 'sd' }) // expected error
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我已经Animal为键创建了枚举。别担心,枚举不会包含在您的捆绑包中。
这是payground的链接 这是Object.entries 类型 的链接
解释:
Dictionary- 主要实用类型。它创建一个带有Animal键和函数作为值的对象。该函数已经考虑了特定键允许的道具。
例子:
type Dictionary = {
"animal.sound": (key: Animal.sound, params: {
animal: string;
sound: string;
}) => string;
"animal.sleep": (key: Animal.sleep, params: {
location: string;
}) => string;
"animal.herd": (key: Animal.herd, params: {
expectedCount: number;
available: number;
}) => string;
"animal.think"?: ((key: Animal.think, params: string | undefined) => string) | undefined;
}
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现在,我们需要将此数据结构转换为具有两个元素的元组。第一个元素 - 一个键,第二个元素 - 是允许的参数。
你可能会问:为什么我们需要一个元组?因为rest参数是一个元组。
因此,我们只需要在实用程序的帮助下获取所有值,并在内置实用程序Values的帮助下获取它们的参数:Parameters
type Params =
| [Animal.sound, {
animal: string;
sound: string;
}]
| [Animal.sleep, {
location: string;
}]
| [Animal.herd, {
expectedCount: number;
available: number;
}]
| [Animal.think, string | undefined]
type Params =
Parameters<
NonNullable<
Values<Dictionary>
>
>
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