在默认构造函数中声明 arr 时，未在此范围内声明“arr”

Question

我是 C++ 的新手。我正在尝试实现一个堆栈。我arr在默认构造函数中声明了一个命名变量。

但是当我编译我的代码时，我收到一条错误消息

'arr' was not declared in this scope

我的代码：

#include<iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::cin;

class Stack
{

private:
    int top = -1;
    int n = 100;

public:
    Stack()
    {
        int arr[n]; // 100 element stack
    }

    void push(int element)//push element to the top of the stack
    {
        if (isFull() == false)
        {
            // push element
            top += 1; //increment top
            arr[top] = element;
        }
        else cout << "\nStack is full! Can't push element\n";
    }

    void pop()
    {
        if (isEmpty() == false)
        {
            top -= 1;//decrement top
        }
    }

    bool isEmpty()
    {
        if (top == -1)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }

    bool isFull()
    {
        if (top == n - 1)
            return true;
        else
            return false;
    }

    int peek(int position)// item at specific location
    {
        if (position > top)
        {
            cout << "\nInvalid position\n";
            return -1;
        }
        else
        {
            return arr[position];
        }
    }

    int count()// number of items
    {
        return top + 1;
    }

    void change(int position, int value) // change item at specific location
    {
        if (position > top)
        {
            cout << "\nInvalid postion\n";
        }
        else
        {
            arr[position] = value;
        }
    }

    void display() // display elements stored
    {
        if (isEmpty() == false)
        {
            cout << endl;
            for (int i = 0; i < top; i++)
            {
                cout << arr[i] << endl;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            cout << endl << "Stack is empty! No elements to display" << endl;
        }
    }
};

int main()
{
    Stack st;

    cout << endl;
    cout << st.isEmpty();

    st.push(10);

    cout << endl;
    cout << st.isEmpty();

    st.display();

    return 0;
}

我的错误：

stack.cpp: In member function 'void Stack::push(int)':
stack.cpp:28:4: error: 'arr' was not declared in this scope
   28 |    arr[top] = element;
      |    ^~~
stack.cpp: In member function 'int Stack::peek(int)':
stack.cpp:68:11: error: 'arr' was not declared in this scope
   68 |    return arr[position];
      |           ^~~
stack.cpp: In member function 'void Stack::change(int, int)':
stack.cpp:85:4: error: 'arr' was not declared in this scope
   85 |    arr[position] = value;
      |    ^~~
stack.cpp: In member function 'void Stack::display()':
stack.cpp:96:11: error: 'arr' was not declared in this scope
   96 |     cout<<arr[i]<<endl;
      |           ^~~

我不明白为什么会这样。

不应该是arr所有成员函数都可以访问的吗？

Answer 1

这

int arr[n]; // 100 element stack 

是一个只存在于构造函数（作用域）内部的局部变量。其他成员不会知道这个数组，这就是错误的原因。

将数组声明移动到私有部分，并且n应该在编译时知道

class Stack
{

private:
   int top = -1;
   static constexpr int n = 100;  // n as static constexpr
   int arr[n]{ 0 };               // move `arr` here and optionally initlize to `0`

public:
   Stack() = default;
   // ... rest of the code

};

作为旁注，当您执行数组操作时（即像在push成员中一样）对传递的position.