AttributeError: 模块“时间”在 SQLAlchemy python 3.8.2 中没有属性“时钟”

Question

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\Documents\flask_app\connecting_to_database\application.py", line 2, in <module>
    from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\flask_sqlalchemy\__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    import sqlalchemy
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
    from .sql import (
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .expression import (
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\expression.py", line 34, in <module>
    from .visitors import Visitable
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\sql\visitors.py", line 28, in <module>
    from .. import util
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .compat import callable, cmp, reduce,  \
  File "C:\Users\Anirudh\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\lib\site-packages\sqlalchemy\util\compat.py", line 234, in <module>
    time_func = time.clock
AttributeError: module 'time' has no attribute 'clock'

Answer 1

我在 SQLAlchemy 1.2.10 上遇到了这个问题。升级到当前版本（截至目前为 1.3.18）修复了问题

pip install sqlalchemy --upgrade

Answer 2

出现该错误是因为在 python 2 中，有time.clock()，但在 python 3 中，它已被替换为time.perf_counter()。

只要替换所有的time.clockto time.perf_counter，就应该没问题了。欲了解更多信息：https://www.webucator.com/blog/2015/08/python-clocks-explained/