如何修复 GeoDjango OSError: undefined Symbol？

Question

几天前执行 yum upgrade 后，我的 Django 项目出现以下错误

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "manage.py", line 21, in <module>
    main()
  File "manage.py", line 17, in main
    execute_from_command_line(sys.argv)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 381, in execute_from_command_line
    utility.execute()
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 357, in execute
    django.setup()
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/__init__.py", line 24, in setup
    apps.populate(settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/registry.py", line 114, in populate
    app_config.import_models()
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/apps/config.py", line 211, in import_models
    self.models_module = import_module(models_module_name)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib64/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/models.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.auth.base_user import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/auth/base_user.py", line 47, in <module>
    class AbstractBaseUser(models.Model):
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 117, in __new__
    new_class.add_to_class('_meta', Options(meta, app_label))
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/base.py", line 321, in add_to_class
    value.contribute_to_class(cls, name)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/options.py", line 204, in contribute_to_class
    self.db_table = truncate_name(self.db_table, connection.ops.max_name_length())
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/__init__.py", line 28, in __getattr__
    return getattr(connections[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS], item)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 201, in __getitem__
    backend = load_backend(db['ENGINE'])
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 110, in load_backend
    return import_module('%s.base' % backend_name)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib64/python3.6/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/base.py", line 6, in <module>
    from .features import DatabaseFeatures
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/features.py", line 1, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.features import BaseSpatialFeatures
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/base/features.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models import aggregates
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    import django.contrib.gis.db.models.functions  # NOQA
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/functions.py", line 4, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.db.models.fields import BaseSpatialField, GeometryField
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py", line 3, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis import forms, gdal
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from .fields import (  # NOQA
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/forms/fields.py", line 2, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal import GDALException
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py", line 28, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py", line 39, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.driver import Driver
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/driver.py", line 5, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.prototypes import ds as vcapi, raster as rcapi
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py", line 9, in <module>
    from django.contrib.gis.gdal.libgdal import GDAL_VERSION, lgdal
  File "/home/joincic/GeoRouting/GeoRouting_2/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/contrib/gis/gdal/libgdal.py", line 47, in <module>
    lgdal = CDLL(lib_path)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.6/ctypes/__init__.py", line 343, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
OSError: /usr/gdal30/lib/libgdal.so.26: undefined symbol: GEOSMakeValid_r

该项目在升级前正常运行，并尝试修复错误我安装了 gdal 3.0.2 但它不起作用

我不知道您是否需要有关该项目或虚拟机的更多信息，如果需要，您可以问我，我很乐意为您提供任何信息

有任何想法吗 ？

Answer 1

我和一位客户遇到了完全相同的问题，并研究了原因。因此，虽然 Iczub 的回答很好，但我认为有必要解释一下问题的原因。

就我而言，错误表现如下：

test=> SELECT PostGIS_Full_Version();
ERROR:  could not load library "/usr/pgsql-10/lib/rtpostgis-2.4.so": /usr/gdal30/lib/libgdal.so.26: undefined symbol: GEOSMakeValid_r
CONTEXT:  SQL statement "SELECT public.postgis_gdal_version()"
PL/pgSQL function postgis_full_version() line 33 at SQL statement

解决方案很简单：

# yum remove geos37

对发生的事情的解释：

postgis24_10-2.4.6-3.rhel7.x86_64这是从（小规模）升级到postgis24_10-2.4.8-9.rhel7.x86_64（存储库）的结果pgdg10，它安装了gdal30-libs-3.0.4并geos38-3.8.1-1作为依赖项。

问题的根本原因是之前安装的GEOS版本没有卸载：

# rpm -qa | grep geos
geos38-3.8.1-1.rhel7.x86_64
geos37-3.7.0-1.rhel7.x86_64

现在这两个包都有一个库libgeos_c.so.1，安装在不同的目录中：

/usr/geos38/lib64/libgeos_c.so.1
/usr/geos37/lib64/libgeos_c.so.1

这两个包都通过将配置文件添加到 来将其目录放在共享库路径中/etc/ld.so.conf.d，因此我们最终在路径上有两个同名的库。

不幸的是，GEOS 3.7 中的库恰好是搜索路径上的第一个库，因此libgdal.so.26错误地加载了该库，从而导致了观察到的错误。

谁有错？

我认为有两个bug：

1. GEOS 库libgeos_c在版本 3.7 和 3.8 之间存在 ABI 中断，但未能更改库主要版本。

2. PGD​​G RPM 软件包无法实现这两个 GEOS 软件包之间的不兼容性。切勿同时安装它们。