python pyinstaller 未找到名为“cairo”的库

Question

matplotlib在编译依赖于和pyside2with 的应用程序时，pyinstaller我收到这些错误

环境

 PyInstaller: 3.5
 Python: 3.7.5
 Platform: Windows-10-10.0.14393-SP0

错误

    31256 INFO:   Matplotlib backend GTK3Agg: ignored
    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File c:\users\digikwondo\pycharmprojects\guitest\venv\lib\site- 
    packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_cairo.py, line 14, in <module>
    import cairo
    ModuleNotFoundError: No module named cairo

    During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 12, in <module>
    File "c:\users\digikwondo\pycharmprojects\guitest\venv\lib\site- 
    packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_gtk3agg.py, line 4, in <module>
    from . import backend_agg, backend_cairo, backend_gtk3
    File "c:\users\digikwondo\pycharmprojects\guitest\venv\lib\site- 
    packages\matplotlib\backends\backend_cairo.py", line 20, in <module>
    import cairocffi as cairo
    File "c:\users\digikwondo\pycharmprojects\guitest\venv\lib\site-packages\cairocffi\__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
    ('libcairo.so', 'libcairo.2.dylib', 'libcairo-2.dll'))
    File "c:\users\digikwondo\pycharmprojects\guitest\venv\lib\site-packages\cairocffi\__init__.py", line 45, in dlopen
    raise OSError(error_message)  # pragma: no cover
    OSError: no library called "cairo" was found
    no library called "libcairo-2" was found
    cannot load library 'libcairo.so': error 0x7e
    cannot load library 'libcairo.2.dylib': error 0x7e
    cannot load library 'libcairo-2.dll': error 0x7e

我的进口声明

from PySide2.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QLabel, QPushButton, QMessageBox, QWidget, QLineEdit, QTextBrowser, QListWidget, QFileDialog, QTabWidget, QGridLayout) 
from PySide2.QtCore import (Slot, QRect, QFile, QTextStream)
from PySide2.QtGui import (QIcon, QFont)
from zipfile import (ZipFile)
from pandas.io.common import EmptyDataError
import glob
import sys
import os
import time
import pandas
import logging
import webbrowser
from pathlib import Path
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator as mxl
from pandas.plotting import register_matplotlib_converters
register_matplotlib_converters()

安装了 pip 包

altgraph          0.16.1
arrow             0.15.4
attrs             19.3.0
cairocffi         1.1.0
certifi           2019.9.11
cffi              1.13.2
chardet           3.0.4
Click             7.0
cycler            0.10.0
future            0.18.2
joblib            0.14.0
kiwisolver        1.1.0
llvmlite          0.30.0
matplotlib        3.1.1
Nuitka            0.6.5
numba             0.45.1
numpy             1.17.4
packaging         19.1
pandas            0.25.1
pefile            2019.4.18
pip               19.0.3
pip-review        1.0
pip-tools         4.1.0
pycparser         2.19
PyInstaller       3.5
pyparsing         2.4.2
pypiwin32         223
PyQt5             5.13.0
PyQt5-sip         4.19.19
pyqt5-tools       5.13.0.1.5
PySide2           5.13.1
python-dateutil   2.8.1
python-dotenv     0.10.3
pytz              2019.2
pywin32           225
pywin32-ctypes    0.2.0
scikit-learn      0.21.3
scipy             1.3.1
setuptools        41.2.0
setuptools-freeze 0.0.1
shiboken2         5.13.1
sip               4.19.8
six               1.13.0
tornado           6.0.3
umap              0.1.1
umap-learn        0.3.10

我不确定 pyinstaller 完成并且我的应用程序运行没有问题会产生什么影响。希望能帮助您理解这些错误以及如何解决它们

Answer 1

在 Windows 上，您首先需要从此处cairocffi安装 Gtk++并确保该库在系统上可用。（在安装程序中选中“设置 PATH 环境变量”复选框似乎可以解决问题。）libcairo-2.dllPATH