那些遇到过的问题

如何在 mssql 中更新 JSON 中的嵌套数组

moh*_*han 2 sql-server json spring-data-jpa json-query

我正在使用 mssql 并且一列有 json 数据，我想通过传递 id 来更新该 json 的那部分（数组）。

{  
   "customerName":"mohan",
   "custId":"e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd",
   "feeds":[  
      {  
         "feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e",
         "feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc",
         "format":"Excel",
         "sources":[  
            {  
               "sourceId":69042417,
               "name":"TV 2 Livsstil"
            },
            {  
               "sourceId":69042419,
               "name":"Turk Max"
            }
         ]
      },
      {  
         "feedId":"59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e",
         "feedName":"dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg",
         "format":"XmlTV",
         "sources":[  
            {  
               "sourceId":69042417,
               "name":"TV 2 Livsstil"
            },
            {  
               "sourceId":69042419,
               "name":"Turk Max"
            }
         ]
      }
   ]
}
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假设如果我要通过customerId和feedId，它应该用我已经通过的提要更新整个提要。

我尝试使用以下查询，但没有帮助。

UPDATE
    ExtractsConfiguration.dbo.Customers 
SET
    configJSON = JSON_MODIFY(configJSON,'$.feeds[]',{"feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc"})
WHERE
    CustomerId = '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c' 
    AND json_query(configJSON,'$.feeds[].feedId'='57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e');
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cri*_*ror 6

@mohan，这是一个棘手的问题，我把它当作对自己的挑战。有一种方法可以像您所要求的那样更新嵌套 JSON 对象的值，但是，它并不像看起来那么简单。

由于您正在数组中工作，因此需要数组的索引才能更新嵌套值。在您的情况下，您不知道数组中的索引，但是，您确实有一个可以引用的键值，在本例中为您的feedName。

为了更新您的值，您首先需要“解压”您的 JSON，以便您可以在示例中过滤特定的 feedName“ccsdcdscsdc”。

这是一个可以在 SSMS 中运行的示例，它将帮助您朝着正确的方向前进。

我创建的第一件事是 @Customers TABLE 变量来模仿您在示例中显示的数据结构并插入示例数据。

DECLARE @Customers TABLE ( CustomerId VARCHAR(50), configJSON VARCHAR(MAX) );
INSERT INTO @Customers ( CustomerID, configJSON ) VALUES ( '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c', '{"customerName":"mohan","custId":"e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd","feeds":[{"feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc","format":"Excel","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]},{"feedId":"59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg","format":"XmlTV","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]}]}' );
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针对 @Customers 运行 SELECT 将返回以下内容：

+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              CustomerId              |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    configJSON                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c | {"customerName":"mohan","custId":"e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd","feeds":[{"feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc","format":"Excel","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]},{"feedId":"59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg","format":"XmlTV","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]}]} |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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接下来，我匹配了您的更新规则：更新仅限于特定 CustomerId (9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c) 和 feedName (ccsdcdscsdc) 的嵌套 JSON 值。

就像我提到的，我们需要首先“解压”JSON，因为我们不知道应该更新的特定键（索引）值。完成这两项任务（解包/更新）的最简单方法是使用公共表表达式 (CTE)。

所以，我是这样做的：

;WITH Config_CTE AS (

    SELECT * FROM @Customers AS Customer
    CROSS APPLY OPENJSON( configJSON, '$.feeds' ) AS Config
    WHERE
        Customer.CustomerId = '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c'
        AND JSON_VALUE( Config.value, '$.feedName' ) = 'ccsdcdscsdc'

)
UPDATE Config_CTE
SET configJSON = JSON_MODIFY( configJSON, '$.feeds[' + Config_CTE.[key] + '].format', 'MS Excel' );
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CTE 允许我们“解压”（我编了这个词，因为它看起来很合适）configJSON中包含的 JSON，然后它允许我们对feedName应用过滤器。

AND JSON_VALUE( Config.value, '$.feedName' ) = 'ccsdcdscsdc'
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您还会注意到，我们包含了 CustomerId 规则：

Customer.CustomerId = '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c'
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CustomerId和feedName都可以很容易地成为 SQL 变量。

那么，这是做什么的呢？如果我们查看 Configs_CTE 结果集（通过将 UPDATE... 更改为 SELECT * FROM Config_CTE ），我们会看到：

+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
|              CustomerId              |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    configJSON                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     | key |                                                                                            value                                                                                             | type |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
| 9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c | {"customerName":"mohan","custId":"e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd","feeds":[{"feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc","format":"Excel","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]},{"feedId":"59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg","format":"XmlTV","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]}]} |   0 | {"feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc","format":"Excel","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]} |    5 |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+------+
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这里有很多信息，但我们真正关心的是“key”列，因为它包含我们要更新的 feed 索引（在本例中为 0 ）。

这样，就能够完成 feedName 为“ccsdcdscsdc”的“feed”的请求和从“Excel”到“MS Excel”的更新格式。

这家伙（注意 Config_CTE.[key] 的使用）：

UPDATE Config_CTE
SET configJSON = JSON_MODIFY( configJSON, '$.feeds[' + Config_CTE.[key] + '].format', 'MS Excel' );
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有效吗？让我们看看更新后的表的数据。

+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              CustomerId              |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      configJSON                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c | {"customerName":"mohan","custId":"e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd","feeds":[{"feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc","format":"MS Excel","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]},{"feedId":"59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg","format":"XmlTV","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]}]} |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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这是更新后的 JSON“美化”（很确定这不是我编造的）。

{
    "customerName": "mohan",
    "custId": "e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd",
    "feeds": [{
        "feedId": "57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e",
        "feedName": "ccsdcdscsdc",
        "format": "MS Excel",
        "sources": [{
            "sourceId": 69042417,
            "name": "TV 2 Livsstil"
        }, {
            "sourceId": 69042419,
            "name": "Turk Max"
        }]
    }, {
        "feedId": "59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e",
        "feedName": "dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg",
        "format": "XmlTV",
        "sources": [{
            "sourceId": 69042417,
            "name": "TV 2 Livsstil"
        }, {
            "sourceId": 69042419,
            "name": "Turk Max"
        }]
    }]
}
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好了，你已经知道了，feedName “ccsdcdscsdc”的格式已从“Excel”更新为“MS Excel”。我不清楚您要更新的内容，因此我使用格式进行测试/示例。

我希望这能让您在任务中朝着正确的方向前进。快乐编码！

以下是可以在 SSMS 中运行的完整示例：

-- CREATE A CUSTOMERS TABLE TO MIMIC SCHEMA --
DECLARE @Customers TABLE ( CustomerId VARCHAR(50), configJSON VARCHAR(MAX) );
INSERT INTO @Customers ( CustomerID, configJSON ) VALUES ( '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c', '{"customerName":"mohan","custId":"e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd","feeds":[{"feedId":"57f221d0-c310-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"ccsdcdscsdc","format":"Excel","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]},{"feedId":"59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e","feedName":"dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg","format":"XmlTV","sources":[{"sourceId":69042417,"name":"TV 2 Livsstil"},{"sourceId":69042419,"name":"Turk Max"}]}]}' );

-- SHOW CURRENT DATA --
SELECT * FROM @Customers;

-- UPDATE "format" FROM "Excel" to "MS Excel" FOR feedName: ccsdcdscsdc --
WITH Config_CTE AS (

    SELECT * FROM @Customers AS Customer
    CROSS APPLY OPENJSON( configJSON, '$.feeds' ) AS Config
    WHERE
        Customer.CustomerId = '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c'
        AND JSON_VALUE( Config.value, '$.feedName' ) = 'ccsdcdscsdc'

)
UPDATE Config_CTE
SET configJSON = JSON_MODIFY( configJSON, '$.feeds[' + Config_CTE.[key] + '].format', 'MS Excel' );

-- SHOW UPDATED DATA --
SELECT * FROM @Customers;
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编辑：

我想用给定的 feedId 更新整个新 feed

要将一个“提要”替换为全新的提要，您可以执行以下操作：

-- REPLACE AN ENTIRE JSON ARRAY OBJECT  --
DECLARE @MyNewJson NVARCHAR(MAX) = '{"feedId": "this_is_an_entirely_new_node","feedName": "ccsdcdscsdc","format": "NewFormat","sources": [{"sourceId": 1,"name": "New Source 1"},{"sourceId": 2,"name": "New Source 2"}]}';

WITH Config_CTE AS (

    SELECT * FROM @Customers AS Customer
    CROSS APPLY OPENJSON( configJSON, '$.feeds' ) AS Config
    WHERE
        Customer.CustomerId = '9ee07040-c001-11e9-b29a-55eb3439cd7c'
        AND JSON_VALUE( Config.value, '$.feedName' ) = 'ccsdcdscsdc'

)
UPDATE Config_CTE
SET configJSON = JSON_MODIFY( configJSON, '$.feeds[' + Config_CTE.[key] + ']', JSON_QUERY( @MyNewJson ) );
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运行此命令后，提要现在显示为：

{
  "customerName": "mohan",
  "custId": "e35273d0-c002-11e9-8188-a1525f580dfd",
  "feeds": [
    {
      "feedId": "this_is_an_entirely_new_node",
      "feedName": "ccsdcdscsdc",
      "format": "NewFormat",
      "sources": [
        {
          "sourceId": 1,
          "name": "New Source 1"
        },
        {
          "sourceId": 2,
          "name": "New Source 2"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "feedId": "59bbd360-c312-11e9-8af7-cf1cf42fc72e",
      "feedName": "dfgdfgdfgdfgsdfg",
      "format": "XmlTV",
      "sources": [
        {
          "sourceId": 69042417,
          "name": "TV 2 Livsstil"
        },
        {
          "sourceId": 69042419,
          "name": "Turk Max"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
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JSON_QUERY( @MyNewJson )请注意UPDATE 中的使用。这个很重要。

来自微软的文档：

没有可选第二个参数的 JSON_QUERY 仅返回第一个参数作为结果。由于 JSON_QUERY 始终返回有效的 JSON，因此 FOR JSON 知道该结果不必转义。

如果您要在没有 JSON_QUERY 的情况下传递@MyNewJson，您的新 json 将被转义（例如，“customerName”变为“customerName”），就像它被存储为纯文本一样。JSON_QUERY 将返回未转义的有效 JSON，这在您的情况下是必需的。

另请注意，我为替换整个提要与单个项目值所做的唯一更改是切换

'$.feeds[' + Config_CTE.[key] + '].format'
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到

'$.feeds[' + Config_CTE.[key] + ']'.
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