那些遇到过的问题

带有 joblib 库的 spacy 生成 _pickle.PicklingError：无法腌制任务以将其发送给工作人员

Gha*_*nem 8 python parallel-processing python-3.x joblib spacy

我有一个很大的句子列表（约 7 百万个），我想从中提取名词。

我使用joblib库来并行化提取过程，如下所示：

import spacy
from tqdm import tqdm
from joblib import Parallel, delayed
nlp = spacy.load('en_core_web_sm')

class nouns:

    def get_nouns(self, text):
        doc = nlp(u"{}".format(text))
        return [token.text for token in doc if token.tag_ in ['NN', 'NNP', 'NNS', 'NNPS']]

    def parallelize(self, sentences):
        results = Parallel(n_jobs=1)(delayed(self.get_nouns)(sent) for sent in tqdm(sentences))
        return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sentences = ['we went to the school yesterday',
                 'The weather is really cold',
                 'Can we catch the dog?',
                 'How old are you John?',
                 'I like diving and swimming',
                 'Can the world become united?']
    obj = nouns()
    print(obj.parallelize(sentences))
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当n_jobs并行化函数大于 1 时，我得到这个长错误：

100%|??????????| 6/6 [00:00<00:00, 200.00it/s]
joblib.externals.loky.process_executor._RemoteTraceback: 
"""
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\queues.py", line 150, in _feed
    obj_ = dumps(obj, reducers=reducers)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\reduction.py", line 243, in dumps
    dump(obj, buf, reducers=reducers, protocol=protocol)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\reduction.py", line 236, in dump
    _LokyPickler(file, reducers=reducers, protocol=protocol).dump(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 267, in dump
    return Pickler.dump(self, obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 408, in dump
    self.save(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 841, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 770, in save_list
    self._batch_appends(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 797, in _batch_appends
    save(tmp[0])
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 725, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 718, in save_instancemethod
    self.save_reduce(types.MethodType, (obj.__func__, obj.__self__), obj=obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 599, in save_reduce
    save(args)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 725, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 395, in save_function
    self.save_function_tuple(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 594, in save_function_tuple
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 841, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 599, in save_reduce
    save(args)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 740, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 740, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 495, in save
    rv = reduce(self.proto)
  File "stringsource", line 2, in preshed.maps.PreshMap.__reduce_cython__
TypeError: self.c_map cannot be converted to a Python object for pickling
"""Exception in thread QueueFeederThread:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\queues.py", line 150, in _feed
    obj_ = dumps(obj, reducers=reducers)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\reduction.py", line 243, in dumps
    dump(obj, buf, reducers=reducers, protocol=protocol)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\reduction.py", line 236, in dump
    _LokyPickler(file, reducers=reducers, protocol=protocol).dump(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 267, in dump
    return Pickler.dump(self, obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 408, in dump
    self.save(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 841, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 770, in save_list
    self._batch_appends(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 797, in _batch_appends
    save(tmp[0])
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 725, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 718, in save_instancemethod
    self.save_reduce(types.MethodType, (obj.__func__, obj.__self__), obj=obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 599, in save_reduce
    save(args)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 725, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 395, in save_function
    self.save_function_tuple(obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\cloudpickle\cloudpickle.py", line 594, in save_function_tuple
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 841, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 810, in save_dict
    self._batch_setitems(obj.items())
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 836, in _batch_setitems
    save(v)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 599, in save_reduce
    save(args)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 740, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 520, in save
    self.save_reduce(obj=obj, *rv)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 623, in save_reduce
    save(state)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 475, in save
    f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 740, in save_tuple
    save(element)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\pickle.py", line 495, in save
    rv = reduce(self.proto)
  File "stringsource", line 2, in preshed.maps.PreshMap.__reduce_cython__
TypeError: self.c_map cannot be converted to a Python object for pickling

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python35\lib\threading.py", line 914, in _bootstrap_inner
    self.run()
  File "C:\Python35\lib\threading.py", line 862, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\backend\queues.py", line 175, in _feed
    onerror(e, obj)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\process_executor.py", line 310, in _on_queue_feeder_error
    self.thread_wakeup.wakeup()
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\externals\loky\process_executor.py", line 155, in wakeup
    self._writer.send_bytes(b"")
  File "C:\Python35\lib\multiprocessing\connection.py", line 183, in send_bytes
    self._check_closed()
  File "C:\Python35\lib\multiprocessing\connection.py", line 136, in _check_closed
    raise OSError("handle is closed")
OSError: handle is closed



The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ".../playground.py", line 43, in <module>
    print(obj.Paralize(sentences))
  File ".../playground.py", line 32, in Paralize
    results = Parallel(n_jobs=2)(delayed(self.get_nouns)(sent) for sent in tqdm(sentences))
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\parallel.py", line 934, in __call__
    self.retrieve()
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\parallel.py", line 833, in retrieve
    self._output.extend(job.get(timeout=self.timeout))
  File "C:\Python35\lib\site-packages\joblib\_parallel_backends.py", line 521, in wrap_future_result
    return future.result(timeout=timeout)
  File "C:\Python35\lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 405, in result
    return self.__get_result()
  File "C:\Python35\lib\concurrent\futures\_base.py", line 357, in __get_result
    raise self._exception
_pickle.PicklingError: Could not pickle the task to send it to the workers.
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我的代码有什么问题？

Tom*_*oto 22

同样的问题。我通过将后端从 更改loky为threadingin来解决Parallel。

  • 谢谢你的评论，它对我有帮助:) (2认同)
  • 使用“线程”后端有什么问题吗？性能惩罚？ (2认同)
  • 好问题。我不是 joblib 专家，但我在 sklearn（在后台使用 joblib）上发现了这一点：“建议使用‘loky’来运行操作 Python 对象的函数。‘线程’是一种低开销的替代方案，效率最高对于释放全局解释器锁的函数：例如，在对显式释放 GIL 的本机代码的几次调用中，I/O 绑定代码或 CPU 绑定代码。” (2认同)
  • ```with parallel_backend('threading', n_jobs=2): Parallel()(延迟(sqrt)(i ** 2) for i in range(10)) (2认同)

小智 14

如果您仍然无法找到解决方案。我通过更改解决了错误

Parallel(n_jobs=8)
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到

Parallel(n_jobs=8, prefer="threads")
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use*_*197 8

问：我的代码有什么问题？

好吧，问题很可能不是来自代码，而是来自“隐藏”处理，一旦n_jobs指示（和joblib内部编排）准备主进程的许多精确副本，以便让它们独立工作彼此（从而有效地摆脱 GIL 锁定并将多个流程流映射到物理硬件资源上）

此步骤负责制作所有 Pythonic 对象的副本，并且已知Pickle用于执行此操作。该Pickle模块以其历史上对什么可以腌制什么不能腌制的主要限制而闻名。

错误消息证实了这一点：

TypeError: self.c_map cannot be converted to a Python object for pickling

如果你的“有问题的”python 对象会被这个模块腌制而不会抛出这个错误，你可以尝试一种技巧来提供 Mike McKearnsdill模块而不是Pickle测试。

dill具有相同的 API 签名，因此纯import dill as pickle代码可能有助于让所有其他代码保持不变。

我遇到了同样的问题，大型模型要分布到多个进程中并从多个进程中返回，这dill是一种可行的方法。业绩也有所提升。

奖励：dill允许保存/恢复完整的python解释器状态！

这是 find 的一个很酷的副作用dill，一旦import dill as pickle完成，pickle.dump_session( <aFile> )将保存 Python 解释器会话的完整状态副本。如果需要，可以恢复（崩溃后恢复、训练有素和优化的 ML 模型状态完全保存/恢复、增量学习 ML 模型状态完全保存和重新分发以用于部署的用户群的远程恢复，等等。 ）

  • 在哪里添加 `import dill as pickle` 语句？我尝试在“from joblib import Parallel，delayed”之前和之后添加它，但我不断收到相同的错误“_pickle.PicklingError” (8认同)
  • @user_007 您能否让我们知道您在哪里添加了导入？它在 joblib 文件之一中吗？ (2认同)

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