重复条目异常：Spring Hibernate/JPA 级联保存多对一

Question

重复条目异常：Spring Hibernate/JPA 级联保存多对一

它是一个弹簧应用程序（没有弹簧靴）。我使用的数据库是 MySQL。我遇到的问题是保存实体时，Driver它有两个多对一的关系Carrier和Location。

我想要做的是，当我保存 Driver 时。驱动程序连同位置和运营商被持久化到数据库中。我遇到的问题是尝试保存时。我收到重复的密钥违规

堆栈跟踪：

org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper logExceptions
WARN: SQL Error: 1062, SQLState: 23000
Feb 18, 2019 1:25:42 PM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper logExceptions
ERROR: Duplicate entry '910327' for key 'UK_lheij6i9eldhfhyu9j1q5fjls'
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.dao.DataIntegrityViolationException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; constraint [UK_lheij6i9eldhfhyu9j1q5fjls]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateJpaDialect.java:296)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:253)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:527)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:61)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:242)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:153)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor$CrudMethodMetadataPopulatingMethodInterceptor.invoke(CrudMethodMetadataPostProcessor.java:135)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:93)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.SurroundingTransactionDetectorMethodInterceptor.invoke(SurroundingTransactionDetectorMethodInterceptor.java:61)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:212)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy47.saveAll(Unknown Source)
    at greyhound.service.GreyhoundServiceImpl.process(GreyhoundServiceImpl.java:38)
    at greyhound.Main.main(Main.java:17)
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.ConstraintViolationException: could not execute statement
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.convert(SQLExceptionTypeDelegate.java:59)
    at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:113)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:99)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:178)
    at org.hibernate.dialect.identity.GetGeneratedKeysDelegate.executeAndExtract(GetGeneratedKeysDelegate.java:57)
    at org.hibernate.id.insert.AbstractReturningDelegate.performInsert(AbstractReturningDelegate.java:42)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3073)
    at org.hibernate.persister.entity.AbstractEntityPersister.insert(AbstractEntityPersister.java:3666)
    at org.hibernate.action.internal.EntityIdentityInsertAction.execute(EntityIdentityInsertAction.java:81)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.execute(ActionQueue.java:645)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addResolvedEntityInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:282)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addInsertAction(ActionQueue.java:263)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.ActionQueue.addAction(ActionQueue.java:317)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.addInsertAction(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:332)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:289)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:196)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:127)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:192)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:135)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:828)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:795)
    at org.hibernate.engine.spi.CascadingActions$7.cascade(CascadingActions.java:298)
    at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeToOne(Cascade.java:490)
    at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeAssociation(Cascade.java:415)
    at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascadeProperty(Cascade.java:216)
    at org.hibernate.engine.internal.Cascade.cascade(Cascade.java:149)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.cascadeBeforeSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:428)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSaveOrReplicate(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:266)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.performSave(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:196)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.AbstractSaveEventListener.saveWithGeneratedId(AbstractSaveEventListener.java:127)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.entityIsTransient(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:192)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:135)
    at org.hibernate.event.internal.DefaultPersistEventListener.onPersist(DefaultPersistEventListener.java:62)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.firePersist(SessionImpl.java:804)
    at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.persist(SessionImpl.java:789)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.orm.jpa.SharedEntityManagerCreator$SharedEntityManagerInvocationHandler.invoke(SharedEntityManagerCreator.java:308)
    at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy44.persist(Unknown Source)
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.save(SimpleJpaRepository.java:489)
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.saveAll(SimpleJpaRepository.java:521)
    at org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.support.SimpleJpaRepository.saveAll(SimpleJpaRepository.java:73)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition$RepositoryFragments.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:359)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryComposition.invoke(RepositoryComposition.java:200)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$ImplementationMethodExecutionInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:644)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.doInvoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:608)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.lambda$invoke$3(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:595)
    at org.springframework.data.repository.core.support.RepositoryFactorySupport$QueryExecutorMethodInterceptor.invoke(RepositoryFactorySupport.java:595)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.data.projection.DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.invoke(DefaultMethodInvokingMethodInterceptor.java:59)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:294)
    at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:98)
    at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
    at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:139)
    ... 11 more
Caused by: java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException: Duplicate entry '910327' for key 'UK_lheij6i9eldhfhyu9j1q5fjls'
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:117)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:97)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLExceptionsMapping.translateException(SQLExceptionsMapping.java:122)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:970)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1109)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1057)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeLargeUpdate(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1377)
    at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1042)
    at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:175)
    ... 69 more

Process finished with exit code 1

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实体/模型类：（已删除 getter/setter）

@Entity
@Table(name = "Driver")
public class Driver {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    @Version
    @Column(name = "version")
    private int version;
    @Column(name = "driver_id")
    private Long driverId;
    @Column(name = "first_name")
    private String firstName;
    @Column(name = "last_name")
    private String lastName;
    @Column(name = "middle_init")
    private String middleInitial;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @Cascade({CascadeType.ALL})
    private Carrier carrier;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    @Cascade({CascadeType.ALL})
    private Location location;


@Entity
@Table(name="Carrier")
public class Carrier {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;
    @Version
    @Column(name = "version")
    private int version;

    @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn
    @Column(name = "carrier_name")
    private String carrierName;

    @OneToMany
    @JoinColumn(name = "carrier_id", referencedColumnName = "id")



@Entity
@Table(name="Locations")
public class Location {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private Long id;

    @Version
    private Long version;
    @Column(name = "location_id")
    private Long locationId;
    @Column(name = "location_name")
    private String locationName;

    @OneToMany
    @JoinColumn(name = "location_id", referencedColumnName = "location_id")
    private List<Driver> drivers = new ArrayList<Driver>();


}

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准备实体的代码

private List<Driver> prepareEntityList(Result result) {
        List<Driver> drivers = new ArrayList<Driver>();

        for(DriverAssignment driverAssignment : result.getDriverAssignments()) {
            Location location = new Location();
            location.setLocationName(driverAssignment.getHomeLocation3());
            location.setLocationId(driverAssignment.getHomeLocation());
            Carrier carrier = new Carrier();
            carrier.setCarrierName(driverAssignment.getCarrierId());
            Driver driver = new Driver();
            driver.setDriverId(driverAssignment.getDriverId());
            driver.setFirstName(driverAssignment.getFirstName());
            driver.setLastName(driverAssignment.getLastName());
            driver.setMiddleInitial(driverAssignment.getMiddleInitial());
            driver.setCarrier(carrier);
            driver.setLocation(location);
            drivers.add(driver);
        }

        return drivers;
    }

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问题：是否有可能实现我想要做的事情？当我尝试保存 a 并将 alocation与 a关联时，期望 hibernate 处理这些关系，driver如果它已经被保存而不是再次尝试保存它。如果没有，保存这些实体的建议方法是什么？

数据源配置

@Bean
    public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory() {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean em = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
        em.setDataSource(dataSource());
        em.setPackagesToScan(new String[] { "greyhound" });

        JpaVendorAdapter vendorAdapter = new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
        em.setJpaVendorAdapter(vendorAdapter);
        em.setJpaProperties(additionalProperties());

        return em;
    }

    @Bean
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/greyhound1");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("");
        return dataSource;
    }

    @Bean
    public PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager(EntityManagerFactory emf) {
        JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(emf);

        return transactionManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor exceptionTranslation() {
        return new PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor();
    }

    Properties additionalProperties() {
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "create-drop");
        properties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect");

        return properties;
    }

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更新 #2

有一个像这样的 DriverRepository

@Repository
public interface DriverRepository extends JpaRepository<Driver, Long> {

}

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保存：

repository.saveAll(drivers);

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Github 链接 https://github.com/mukulgoel1989/greyhound

我已经添加了 github 链接，以防有人愿意尝试一下。

Answer 1

Cep*_*pr0 8

我准备了工作解决方案：Cepr0/greyhound-demo。我“稍微”修改了您的项目 - 使用 Spring-Boot、Lombok 和 H2 数据库进行了修改，仅用于演示目的并简化它。

所以，如果我没记错的话，任务是转换“作业”（来自灰狗网站）：

{
    "results": [
        {
            "oper_nbr": 1,
            "carrier_cd": "GLX ",
            "last_name": "JOHN",
            "first_name": "SMITH",
            "middle_init": null,
            "home_loc_6": 12345,
            "home_loc_3": "NLX",
            "oper_class": "T"
        },
        {
            "oper_nbr": 2,
            "carrier_cd": "GLX ",
            "last_name": "JOHN",
            "first_name": "DOE",
            "middle_init": null,
            "home_loc_6": 67890,
            "home_loc_3": "NLX",
            "oper_class": "T"
        }
    ]
}

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到三个实体：Driver、Location、和Carrier关系：

Location -1---*- Driver -*---1- Carrier

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即Driver与Location和具有“多对一”关系Carrier。

这个任务的主要问题是，同时节省了Driver实体，我们需要使用已经坚持 Location和Carrier实体，或使用新的。所以要解决它，我们必须：

为这些实体准备 3 个存储库。
对于每个“作业”，找到相关的Location和Carrier。
如果Location并Carrier没有找到，那么创建新的。
创建一个新的Driver并设置已创建的发现Location和/Carrier或新的。
坚持Driver（和级联坚持Location，Carrier如果他们没有找到）。

方法的最终代码GreyhoundService.process()：

{
    "results": [
        {
            "oper_nbr": 1,
            "carrier_cd": "GLX ",
            "last_name": "JOHN",
            "first_name": "SMITH",
            "middle_init": null,
            "home_loc_6": 12345,
            "home_loc_3": "NLX",
            "oper_class": "T"
        },
        {
            "oper_nbr": 2,
            "carrier_cd": "GLX ",
            "last_name": "JOHN",
            "first_name": "DOE",
            "middle_init": null,
            "home_loc_6": 67890,
            "home_loc_3": "NLX",
            "oper_class": "T"
        }
    ]
}

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为了最小化数据库中数据的大小和 SQL 选择的数量，我按如下方式转换了初始实体：

司机

Location -1---*- Driver -*---1- Carrier

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地点

@Transactional
public void process() {
  client.getAssignments()
      .stream()
      .forEach(a -> {
        log.debug("[d] Assignment: {}", a);

        Driver driver = new Driver();

        driver.setId(a.getDriverId());
        driver.setFirstName(a.getFirstName());
        driver.setLastName(a.getLastName());
        driver.setMiddleName(a.getMiddleName());

        driver.setLocation(
            locationRepo.findById(new Location.PK(a.getLocationId(), a.getLocationName()))
                .orElse(new Location(a.getLocationId(), a.getLocationName()))
        );

        driver.setCarrier(
            carrierRepo.findById(a.getCarrierId().trim())
                .orElse(new Carrier(a.getCarrierId().trim()))
        );

        driverRepo.saveAndFlush(driver);

        log.debug("[d] Driver: {}", driver);
      });
}

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载体

@Getter
@Setter
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode(of = "id")
@Entity
@Table(name = "drivers")
public class Driver implements Persistable<Long> {

    @Id private Long id;

    private String firstName;
    private String lastName;
    private String middleName;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumn(name = "carrierId", foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "drivers_carriers"))
    private Carrier carrier;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY, cascade = CascadeType.ALL)
    @JoinColumns(
            value = {@JoinColumn(name = "locationId"), @JoinColumn(name = "locationName")},
            foreignKey = @ForeignKey(name = "drivers_locations")
    )
    private Location location;

    @Override
    public boolean isNew() {
        return true;
    }
}

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如您所见，我为Locationand使用了自然标识符Carrier（以及在中的复合标识符Carrier）。这不仅可以减少数据的大小，还可以减少 Hibernate 在存储复杂实体时执行的额外 SQL 查询的数量。当Location和Carrier表被填满时，Hibernate 不会执行不必要的查询来查找它们，而是从自己的缓存中获取它们的数据（您可以在应用程序日志中看到这一点）。

PS 请注意，此解决方案不是最佳的。IMO 为了使它更好，您可以将主要过程分为两部分：第一个部分保留不同的Locations 和Carriers，第二个部分只保留Drivers 没有找到Locations 和Carriers。两个零件都使用批量插入执行。

更新

使用最佳解决方案进行分支：Cepr0/greyhound-demo:async_and_batch_insert

由于 Locations 和 Carriers 的异步持久化以及批量插入，处理只需要大约 5 秒。

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