是否可以与 /dev/bus/usb/<bus>/<device> 进行串行通信

Aat*_*ikh 6 python linux serial-port

我正在开发一个项目,在该项目中我必须与连接的设备(ttyS0、ttyS1 或 ttyUSB0)进行一些串行通信。幸运的是,我遇到了一个非常有用的 stackoverflow 链接:“ Simple way to query linked USB devices info in Python? ”。在此链接中,有一个 python 代码,它工作得很好,并且提供了正确的设备名称和详细信息。

示例代码中:“/dev/bus/usb/005/002”是“FT232 Serial (UART)”的设备信息。那么,有没有办法找到 /dev/bus/usb/005/002 与 ttyS0/ ttyUSB0 的映射或使用设备信息直接访问 UART,并使用“/dev/bus/usb/<总线 >/< 设备 >" 而不是 ttyS0 或 ttyUSB0。

蟒蛇代码:

import re
import subprocess
device_re = re.compile("Bus\s+(?P<bus>\d+)\s+Device\s+(?P<device>\d+).+ID\s(?P<id>\w+:\w+)\s(?P<tag>.+)$", re.I)
df = subprocess.check_output("lsusb")
devices = []
for i in df.split('\n'):
    if i:
        info = device_re.match(i)
        if info:
            dinfo = info.groupdict()
            dinfo['device'] = '/dev/bus/usb/%s/%s' % (dinfo.pop('bus'), dinfo.pop('device'))
            devices.append(dinfo)
print devices
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结果:

{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/001/001', 'tag': 'Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub', 'id': '1d6b:0002'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/005/002', 'tag': 'Future Technology Devices International, Ltd FT232 Serial (UART) IC', 'id': '0403:6001'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/005/001', 'tag': 'Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub', 'id': '1d6b:0001'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/004/003', 'tag': 'Lite-On Technology Corp. ', 'id': '04ca:0061'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/004/002', 'tag': 'Dell Computer Corp. ', 'id': '413c:2107'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/004/001', 'tag': 'Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub', 'id': '1d6b:0001'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/003/001', 'tag': 'Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub', 'id': '1d6b:0001'}
{'device': '/dev/bus/usb/002/001', 'tag': 'Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub', 'id': '1d6b:0001'}
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感谢阿蒂夫·谢赫

Ste*_*ren 5

一个有用的实用程序是udevadm. 例如,我有这个 USB 串行适配器:

$ lsusb|grep -i prolific
Bus 001 Device 077: ID 067b:2303 Prolific Technology, Inc. PL2303 Serial Port
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运行udevadm它会产生大量信息。这是它的开始:

$ udevadm info -a /dev/bus/usb/001/077

Udevadm info starts with the device specified by the devpath and then
walks up the chain of parent devices. It prints for every device
found, all possible attributes in the udev rules key format.
A rule to match, can be composed by the attributes of the device
and the attributes from one single parent device.

  looking at device '/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4':
    KERNEL=="1-3.4.4"
    SUBSYSTEM=="usb"
    DRIVER=="usb"
    ATTR{authorized}=="1"
    ATTR{avoid_reset_quirk}=="0"
    ATTR{bConfigurationValue}=="1"
    ATTR{bDeviceClass}=="00"
    ATTR{bDeviceProtocol}=="00"
    ATTR{bDeviceSubClass}=="00"
    ATTR{bMaxPacketSize0}=="64"
    ATTR{bMaxPower}=="100mA"
    ATTR{bNumConfigurations}=="1"
    ATTR{bNumInterfaces}==" 1"
    ATTR{bcdDevice}=="0300"
    ATTR{bmAttributes}=="a0"
    ATTR{busnum}=="1"
    ATTR{configuration}==""
    ATTR{devnum}=="77"
    ATTR{devpath}=="3.4.4"
    ATTR{idProduct}=="2303"
    ATTR{idVendor}=="067b"
    ATTR{ltm_capable}=="no"
    ATTR{manufacturer}=="Prolific Technology Inc."
    ATTR{maxchild}=="0"
    ATTR{product}=="USB-Serial Controller"
    ATTR{quirks}=="0x0"
    ATTR{removable}=="unknown"
    ATTR{speed}=="12"
    ATTR{urbnum}=="22"
    ATTR{version}==" 2.00"
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然后您可以查看sysfs更多详细信息:

$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4'
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root     0 Oct 11 11:03 1-3.4.4:1.0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bcdDevice
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bConfigurationValue
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bDeviceClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bDeviceProtocol
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bDeviceSubClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bmAttributes
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bMaxPacketSize0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bMaxPower
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bNumConfigurations
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 bNumInterfaces
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 busnum
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 configuration
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 65553 Oct 11 11:03 descriptors
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 dev
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 devnum
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 devpath
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Oct 11 11:03 driver -> ../../../../../../../bus/usb/drivers/usb
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root     0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_00
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 idProduct
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 idVendor
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 ltm_capable
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 manufacturer
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 maxchild
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Oct 11 11:03 port -> ../1-3.4:1.0/1-3.4-port4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root     0 Oct 11 11:03 power
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 product
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 quirks
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 removable
--w------- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 remove
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 speed
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     0 Oct 11 11:03 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../bus/usb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 uevent
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 urbnum
-r--r--r-- 1 root root  4096 Oct 11 11:03 version
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您会注意到适配器内每个实现的 USB 设备(接口?功能?)都有一个子目录 ( 1-3.4.4:1.0)(在我的例子中只有一个;我还有其他 4 端口 USB 串行适配器,也有 4 个子目录)。如果你查看那里,你最终可以找到设备节点:

$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/'
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 authorized
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bAlternateSetting
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceNumber
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceProtocol
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bInterfaceSubClass
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 bNumEndpoints
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 driver -> ../../../../../../../../bus/usb/drivers/pl2303
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_02
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_81
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 ep_83
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 modalias
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../bus/usb
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 supports_autosuspend
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 ttyUSB0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 uevent

$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0'
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 driver -> ../../../../../../../../../bus/usb-serial/drivers/pl2303
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 port_number
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../../bus/usb-serial
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root    0 Oct 11 11:03 tty
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:03 uevent

$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty'
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Oct 11 11:11 ttyUSB0

$ ls -l '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0'
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:11 dev
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Oct 11 11:11 device -> ../../../ttyUSB0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    0 Oct 11 11:11 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Oct 11 11:11 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../../../../class/tty
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Oct 11 11:11 uevent

$ cat '/sys//devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/tty/ttyUSB0/dev'
188:0
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最后一行是设备节点主/次编号,您可以在 /dev 中搜索,或使用它来创建您自己的设备节点。

该目录/sys/class/tty/列出了所有 tty,并/sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/列出了所有 USB 串行适配器。udevadm从这些目录(而不是)开始查找所有相关设备,然后确定其中哪一个与您关心的 USB 设备相匹配可能会更容易。

$ ls -l /sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB0 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB1 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-4/1-4:1.1/ttyUSB1/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB10 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.3/ttyUSB10/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB12 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.0/ttyUSB12/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB13 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.1/ttyUSB13/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB14 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.2/ttyUSB14/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB15 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.6/1-8.6:1.3/ttyUSB15/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB2 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-4/1-4:1.2/ttyUSB2/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB3 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-4/1-4:1.3/ttyUSB3/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB4 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.0/ttyUSB4/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB5 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.1/ttyUSB5/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB6 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.2/ttyUSB6/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Sep  6 13:48 ttyUSB7 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-7/1-7:1.3/ttyUSB7/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB8 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.1/ttyUSB8/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Oct 11 11:16 ttyUSB9 -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-8/1-8.4/1-8.4:1.2/ttyUSB9/
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如果您假设您可以使用这些路径名(链接值)并找到../..USB 设备,并找到其总线/设备号。我/认为/这是安全的,但这取决于不同的 USB 设备/驱动程序是否始终以相同的方式布局它们的 sysfs,我相信它们对于给定的设备类型是这样做的。

$ cat '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/../../busnum'
1
$ cat '/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-3/1-3.4/1-3.4.4/1-3.4.4:1.0/ttyUSB0/../../devnum' 
77
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一般来说,sysfs包含您想要的所有信息;你只需要弄清楚如何遍历它。