使用Tkinter Canvas Widget添加放大和缩小？

Question

如何将放大和缩小添加到以下脚本中,我想将其绑定到鼠标滚轮.如果您在linux上测试此脚本,请不要忘记将MouseWheel事件更改为Button-4和Button-5.

from Tkinter import * 
import Image, ImageTk

class GUI:
    def __init__(self,root):
        frame = Frame(root, bd=2, relief=SUNKEN)

        frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
        frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
        xscrollbar = Scrollbar(frame, orient=HORIZONTAL)
        xscrollbar.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=E+W)
        yscrollbar = Scrollbar(frame)
        yscrollbar.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=N+S)
        self.canvas = Canvas(frame, bd=0, xscrollcommand=xscrollbar.set, yscrollcommand=yscrollbar.set, xscrollincrement = 10, yscrollincrement = 10)
        self.canvas.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=N+S+E+W)

        File = "PATH TO JPG PICTURE HERE"

        self.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open(File))
        self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image=self.img, anchor="nw")
        self.canvas.config(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(ALL))
        xscrollbar.config(command=self.canvas.xview)
        yscrollbar.config(command=self.canvas.yview)

        frame.pack()

        self.canvas.bind("<Button 3>",self.grab)
        self.canvas.bind("<B3-Motion>",self.drag)
        root.bind("<MouseWheel>",self.zoom)


    def grab(self,event):
        self._y = event.y
        self._x = event.x

    def drag(self,event):
        if (self._y-event.y < 0): self.canvas.yview("scroll",-1,"units")
        elif (self._y-event.y > 0): self.canvas.yview("scroll",1,"units")
        if (self._x-event.x < 0): self.canvas.xview("scroll",-1,"units")
        elif (self._x-event.x > 0): self.canvas.xview("scroll",1,"units")
        self._x = event.x
        self._y = event.y

    def zoom(self,event):
        if event.delta>0: print "ZOOM IN!"
        elif event.delta<0: print "ZOOM OUT!"


root = Tk()   
GUI(root)
root.mainloop()

Answer 1

据我所知,内置的Tkinter Canvas类比例不会自动缩放图像.如果您无法使用自定义窗口小部件,则可以在调用缩放功能时缩放原始图像并将其替换为画布.

下面的代码段可以合并到您的原始类中.它执行以下操作:

1. 缓存结果Image.open().
2. 添加一个redraw()函数来计算缩放图像并将其添加到画布,并删除先前绘制的图像(如果有).
3. 使用鼠标坐标作为图像放置的一部分.我只是传递x and y给create_image函数,以显示当鼠标移动时图像放置如何移动.您可以使用自己的中心/偏移计算替换它.
4. 这使用Linux鼠标滚轮按钮4和5(您需要将其概括为在Windows上工作等).

(更新)代码:

class GUI:
    def __init__(self, root):

        # ... omitted rest of initialization code

        self.canvas.config(scrollregion=self.canvas.bbox(ALL))
        self.scale = 1.0
        self.orig_img = Image.open(File)
        self.img = None
        self.img_id = None
        # draw the initial image at 1x scale
        self.redraw()

        # ... rest of init, bind buttons, pack frame

    def zoom(self,event):
        if event.num == 4:
            self.scale *= 2
        elif event.num == 5:
            self.scale *= 0.5
        self.redraw(event.x, event.y)

    def redraw(self, x=0, y=0):
        if self.img_id:
            self.canvas.delete(self.img_id)
        iw, ih = self.orig_img.size
        size = int(iw * self.scale), int(ih * self.scale)
        self.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.orig_img.resize(size))
        self.img_id = self.canvas.create_image(x, y, image=self.img)

        # tell the canvas to scale up/down the vector objects as well
        self.canvas.scale(ALL, x, y, self.scale, self.scale)

更新我对不同的比例进行了一些测试,发现resize/create_image正在使用相当多的内存.我在带有32GB RAM的Mac Pro上使用540x375 JPEG进行测试.以下是用于不同比例因子的内存:

 1x  (500,     375)      14 M
 2x  (1000,    750)      19 M
 4x  (2000,   1500)      42 M
 8x  (4000,   3000)     181 M
16x  (8000,   6000)     640 M
32x  (16000, 12000)    1606 M
64x  (32000, 24000)  ...  
reached around ~7400 M and ran out of memory, EXC_BAD_ACCESS in _memcpy

鉴于上述情况,更有效的解决方案可能是确定将显示图像的视口的大小,计算围绕鼠标坐标中心的裁剪矩形,使用矩形裁剪图像,然后仅缩放裁剪部分.这应该使用常量内存来存储临时图像.否则,您可能需要使用第三方Tkinter控件来执行此裁剪/窗口缩放.

更新2工作但过于简化的裁剪逻辑,只是为了让您入门:

    def redraw(self, x=0, y=0):
        if self.img_id: self.canvas.delete(self.img_id)
        iw, ih = self.orig_img.size
        # calculate crop rect
        cw, ch = iw / self.scale, ih / self.scale
        if cw > iw or ch > ih:
            cw = iw
            ch = ih
        # crop it
        _x = int(iw/2 - cw/2)
        _y = int(ih/2 - ch/2)
        tmp = self.orig_img.crop((_x, _y, _x + int(cw), _y + int(ch)))
        size = int(cw * self.scale), int(ch * self.scale)
        # draw
        self.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(tmp.resize(size))
        self.img_id = self.canvas.create_image(x, y, image=self.img)
        gc.collect()

Answer 2

只是为了其他人的利益谁找到这个问题我附加我的neer最终测试代码,使用图片/放大镜缩放.它基本上只是对已发布的samplebias的更改.看起来也很酷:).

正如我之前所说,如果你在linux上使用这个脚本,别忘了将MouseWheel事件更改为Button-4和Button-5.你显然需要插入.JPG路径,其中显示"INSERT JPG FILE PATH".

from Tkinter import *
import Image, ImageTk

class LoadImage:
    def __init__(self,root):
        frame = Frame(root)
        self.canvas = Canvas(frame,width=900,height=900)
        self.canvas.pack()
        frame.pack()
        File = "INSERT JPG FILE PATH"
        self.orig_img = Image.open(File)
        self.img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.orig_img)
        self.canvas.create_image(0,0,image=self.img, anchor="nw")

        self.zoomcycle = 0
        self.zimg_id = None

        root.bind("<MouseWheel>",self.zoomer)
        self.canvas.bind("<Motion>",self.crop)

    def zoomer(self,event):
        if (event.delta > 0):
            if self.zoomcycle != 4: self.zoomcycle += 1
        elif (event.delta < 0):
            if self.zoomcycle != 0: self.zoomcycle -= 1
        self.crop(event)

    def crop(self,event):
        if self.zimg_id: self.canvas.delete(self.zimg_id)
        if (self.zoomcycle) != 0:
            x,y = event.x, event.y
            if self.zoomcycle == 1:
                tmp = self.orig_img.crop((x-45,y-30,x+45,y+30))
            elif self.zoomcycle == 2:
                tmp = self.orig_img.crop((x-30,y-20,x+30,y+20))
            elif self.zoomcycle == 3:
                tmp = self.orig_img.crop((x-15,y-10,x+15,y+10))
            elif self.zoomcycle == 4:
                tmp = self.orig_img.crop((x-6,y-4,x+6,y+4))
            size = 300,200
            self.zimg = ImageTk.PhotoImage(tmp.resize(size))
            self.zimg_id = self.canvas.create_image(event.x,event.y,image=self.zimg)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    root = Tk()
    root.title("Crop Test")
    App = LoadImage(root)
    root.mainloop()