那些遇到过的问题

WindowsCryptographicException：密钥集不存在

Erl*_*end 3 x509certificate asp.net-core identityserver4

我想创建或获取证书，创建pfx文件，加载它并让IdentityServer使用它。但是，IdentityServer无法使用我的pfx。

如何成功创建pfx并让IdentityServer使用它？

我有一个使用ASP.Net Core在localhost上运行的IdentityServer4 Web解决方案。我正在为在Azure上运行的生产准备解决方案，并将证书添加到IdentityServer管道中，而不是开发人员签名证书中。

通常这意味着交换代码，例如

services.AddIdentityServer()
        .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
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与

services.AddIdentityServer()
        .AddSigningCredential(cert)
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其中，“ cert”是X509Certificate2的对象实例，该对象实例已加载包含证书（带有公钥和私钥）的PFX文件。

我正在使用的证书是自签名的，并且是按照Ben Cull博客https://benjii.me/2017/06/creating-self-signed-certificate-identity-server-azure/上的步骤创建的

证书和私钥将导出到PFX文件，以便将公钥和私钥都包含在文件中。

PFX文件的加载成功。加载的代码是

cert = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Environment.ContentRootPath, "MyPfxFile.pfx"), "password-used-when-exporting-pfx");
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Pfx文件位于Web项目内，并且已找到并读入X509Certificate对象。

在Visual Studio中检查X509Certificate2时，属性HasPrivateKey返回true，但是PrivateKey属性解析为观察程序中的异常。 

'cert.PrivateKey' threw an exception of type 'Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper.WindowsCryptographicException'
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所有其他属性在观察者中看起来都很好。

另外，当我在证书对象实例的“即时窗口”方法中执行GetRSAPrivateKey时，它将返回异常。 

cert.GetRSAPrivateKey()
'cert.GetRSAPrivateKey()' threw an exception of type 'Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper.WindowsCryptographicException'
    Data: {System.Collections.ListDictionaryInternal}
    HResult: -2146893798
    HelpLink: null
    InnerException: null
    Message: "Keyset as registered is invalid"
    Source: "System.Security.Cryptography.Csp"
    StackTrace: "   at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSA
PrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)"
    TargetSite: {System.Security.Cryptography.SafeProvHandle CreateProvHandle(System.Security.Cryptography.CspParameters, Boolean)}
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我曾尝试使用X509KeyStorageFlags的不同设置加载pfx文件，但是行为和例外是相同的。

我还尝试将PFX安装到Windows计算机的证书管理器中，并从那里成功加载了PFX，但是引发了相同的异常。

最后，当从IdentityServer请求访问令牌时，将引发相同的异常。我在下面粘贴了异常跟踪。

IdentityServer4.Hosting.IdentityServerMiddleware:Critical: Unhandled exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset as registered is invalid
   at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()
   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()
   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()
   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)
   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)
   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.X509SecurityKey.get_PrivateKey()
   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.X509SecurityKey.get_HasPrivateKey()
   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AsymmetricSignatureProvider.HasPrivateKey(SecurityKey key)
   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AsymmetricSignatureProvider..ctor(SecurityKey key, String algorithm, Boolean willCreateSignatures)
   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.CryptoProviderFactory.CreateSignatureProvider(SecurityKey key, String algorithm, Boolean willCreateSignatures)
   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.CryptoProviderFactory.CreateForSigning(SecurityKey key, String algorithm)
   at System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.JwtSecurityTokenHandler.CreateEncodedSignature(String input, SigningCredentials signingCredentials)
   at System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.JwtSecurityTokenHandler.WriteToken(SecurityToken token)
   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenCreationService.CreateJwtAsync(JwtSecurityToken jwt) in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\Services\DefaultTokenCreationService.cs:line 209
   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenCreationService.<CreateTokenAsync>d__4.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\Services\DefaultTokenCreationService.cs:line 67
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenService.<CreateSecurityTokenAsync>d__9.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\Services\DefaultTokenService.cs:line 210
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<CreateAccessTokenAsync>d__14.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\ResponseHandling\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 313
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<ProcessAuthorizationCodeRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\ResponseHandling\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 133
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<ProcessAsync>d__7.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\ResponseHandling\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 88
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.Endpoints.TokenEndpoint.<ProcessTokenRequestAsync>d__7.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\Endpoints\TokenEndpoint.cs:line 98
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.Endpoints.TokenEndpoint.<ProcessAsync>d__6.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\Endpoints\TokenEndpoint.cs:line 70
--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---
   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()
   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)
   at IdentityServer4.Hosting.IdentityServerMiddleware.<Invoke>d__3.MoveNext() in C:\local\identity\server4\IdentityServer4\src\IdentityServer4\Hosting\IdentityServerMiddleware.cs:line 54
Application Insights Telemetry (unconfigured): {"name":"Microsoft.ApplicationInsights.Dev.Message","time":"2018-10-17T09:19:34.1583055Z","tags":{"ai.application.ver":"1.0.0.0","ai.cloud.roleInstance":"HEBE","ai.operation.id":"d7c51fcd-421c862dd08fe813","ai.operation.parentId":"|d7c51fcd-421c862dd08fe813.","ai.operation.name":"POST /connect/token","ai.location.ip":"127.0.0.1","ai.internal.sdkVersion":"aspnet5c:2.1.1","ai.internal.nodeName":"HEBE"},"data":{"baseType":"MessageData","baseData":{"ver":2,"message":"Unhandled exception: Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset as registered is invalid\r\n   at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.X509SecurityKey.get_PrivateKey()\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.X509SecurityKey.get_HasPrivateKey()\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AsymmetricSignatureProvider.HasPrivateKey(SecurityKey key)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AsymmetricSignatureProvider..ctor(SecurityKey key, String algorithm, Boolean willCreateSignatures)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.CryptoProviderFactory.CreateSignatureProvider(SecurityKey key, String algorithm, Boolean willCreateSignatures)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.CryptoProviderFactory.CreateForSigning(SecurityKey key, String algorithm)\r\n   at System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.JwtSecurityTokenHandler.CreateEncodedSignature(String input, SigningCredentials signingCredentials)\r\n   at System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.JwtSecurityTokenHandler.WriteToken(SecurityToken token)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenCreationService.CreateJwtAsync(JwtSecurityToken jwt) in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Services\\DefaultTokenCreationService.cs:line 209\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenCreationService.<CreateTokenAsync>d__4.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Services\\DefaultTokenCreationService.cs:line 67\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenService.<CreateSecurityTokenAsync>d__9.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Services\\DefaultTokenService.cs:line 210\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<CreateAccessTokenAsync>d__14.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\ResponseHandling\\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 313\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<ProcessAuthorizationCodeRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\ResponseHandling\\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 133\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<ProcessAsync>d__7.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\ResponseHandling\\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 88\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Endpoints.TokenEndpoint.<ProcessTokenRequestAsync>d__7.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Endpoints\\TokenEndpoint.cs:line 98\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Endpoints.TokenEndpoint.<ProcessAsync>d__6.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Endpoints\\TokenEndpoint.cs:line 70\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Hosting.IdentityServerMiddleware.<Invoke>d__3.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Hosting\\IdentityServerMiddleware.cs:line 54","severityLevel":"Critical","properties":{"DeveloperMode":"true","AspNetCoreEnvironment":"Development","{OriginalFormat}":"Unhandled exception: {exception}","exception":"Internal.Cryptography.CryptoThrowHelper+WindowsCryptographicException: Keyset as registered is invalid\r\n   at Internal.NativeCrypto.CapiHelper.CreateProvHandle(CspParameters parameters, Boolean randomKeyContainer)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeProvHandle()\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider.get_SafeKeyHandle()\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(Int32 keySize, CspParameters parameters, Boolean useDefaultKeySize)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.RSACryptoServiceProvider..ctor(CspParameters parameters)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.<>c.<GetRSAPrivateKey>b__61_0(CspParameters csp)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetPrivateKey[T](Func`2 createCsp, Func`2 createCng)\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificatePal.GetRSAPrivateKey()\r\n   at Internal.Cryptography.Pal.CertificateExtensionsCommon.GetPrivateKey[T](X509Certificate2 certificate, Predicate`1 matchesConstraints)\r\n   at System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates.RSACertificateExtensions.GetRSAPrivateKey(X509Certificate2 certificate)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.X509SecurityKey.get_PrivateKey()\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.X509SecurityKey.get_HasPrivateKey()\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AsymmetricSignatureProvider.HasPrivateKey(SecurityKey key)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.AsymmetricSignatureProvider..ctor(SecurityKey key, String algorithm, Boolean willCreateSignatures)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.CryptoProviderFactory.CreateSignatureProvider(SecurityKey key, String algorithm, Boolean willCreateSignatures)\r\n   at Microsoft.IdentityModel.Tokens.CryptoProviderFactory.CreateForSigning(SecurityKey key, String algorithm)\r\n   at System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.JwtSecurityTokenHandler.CreateEncodedSignature(String input, SigningCredentials signingCredentials)\r\n   at System.IdentityModel.Tokens.Jwt.JwtSecurityTokenHandler.WriteToken(SecurityToken token)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenCreationService.CreateJwtAsync(JwtSecurityToken jwt) in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Services\\DefaultTokenCreationService.cs:line 209\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenCreationService.<CreateTokenAsync>d__4.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Services\\DefaultTokenCreationService.cs:line 67\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.Services.DefaultTokenService.<CreateSecurityTokenAsync>d__9.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\Services\\DefaultTokenService.cs:line 210\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<CreateAccessTokenAsync>d__14.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\ResponseHandling\\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 313\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<ProcessAuthorizationCodeRequestAsync>d__10.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\ResponseHandling\\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 133\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous location where exception was thrown ---\r\n   at System.Runtime.ExceptionServices.ExceptionDispatchInfo.Throw()\r\n   at System.Runtime.CompilerServices.TaskAwaiter.HandleNonSuccessAndDebuggerNotification(Task task)\r\n   at IdentityServer4.ResponseHandling.TokenResponseGenerator.<ProcessAsync>d__7.MoveNext() in C:\\local\\identity\\server4\\IdentityServer4\\src\\IdentityServer4\\ResponseHandling\\TokenResponseGenerator.cs:line 88\r\n--- End of stack trace from previous locat

小智 28

通过添加 IIS_IUSR 组解决了该问题。从这个链接添加组 IIS_IUSR：

问题是 Windows 证书存储中证书私钥的权限没有将 IIS_IUSRS 组设置为允许读取访问。

右键单击证书 -> 所有任务 -> 管理私钥 -> 添加组“IIS_IUSRS”

  • 就我而言，我的“应用程序池身份”不是 IIS_IUSR，但这个答案仍然解决了我的问题；将应用程序池的标识添加到私钥的权限中修复了该问题。谢谢你！ (2认同)

Hel*_*ate 7

在 IIS 10 上，我必须将应用程序池身份更改为 LocalSystem

小智 6

我也关注了该博客文章，也遇到了这个问题。问题是当您运行此命令以创建PKCS12文件时：

openssl pkcs12 -export -out example.pfx -inkey example.key -in example.crt -certfile example.crt
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尝试删除-certfile example.crt，它应该可以工作。

同样根据.NET Core X509Certificate2的用法（在Windows / IIS，Docker，Linux下），您可以通过访问来测试是否从文件正确加载了证书cert.PrivateKey。例如

X509Certificate2 cert = new X509Certificate2(Path.Combine(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(), "cert.pfx"), "password");
Console.WriteLine("cert private key: " + cert.PrivateKey);
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