一个没有名字的命令,在 Click

bcu*_*07q 6 python python-click

我想要一个命令行工具,其用法如下:

$ program <arg>            does something, no command name required
$ program cut <arg>
$ program eat <arg>
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Click 代码如下所示:

@click.group()
def main() :
    pass

@main.command()
@click.argument('arg')
def noname(arg) :
    # does stuff

@main.command()
@click.argument('arg')
def cut(arg) :
    # cuts stuff

@main.command()
@click.argument('arg')
def eat(arg) :
    # eats stuff
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我的问题是,对于这段代码,总是有一个必需的命令名称,即:我需要运行$ program noname arg. 但我希望能够运行$ program arg.

geo*_*xsh 11

有一个选项适合您,“无命令的组调用”

@click.group(invoke_without_command=True)
@click.pass_context
def main(ctx):
    if not ctx.invoked_subcommand:
        print('main stuff')
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edo*_*bez 9

click-default-group正在做您正在寻找的事情。它是 click-contrib 集合的一部分。

这样做而不是使用的优点invoke_without_command是它将选项和参数完美地传递给默认命令,这对于内置功能来说并不是微不足道的(甚至是不可能的)。

示例代码:

import click
from click_default_group import DefaultGroup

@click.group(cls=DefaultGroup, default='foo', default_if_no_args=True)
def cli():
    print("group execution")

@cli.command()
@click.option('--config', default=None)
def foo(config):
    click.echo('foo execution')
    if config:
        click.echo(config)

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然后,可以foo使用其选项调用命令:

$ program foo --config bar     <-- normal way to call foo
$ program --config bar         <-- foo is called and the option is forwarded. 
                                   Not possible with vanilla Click.

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Ste*_*uch 5

由于默认命令引入的歧义,您的方案面临一些挑战。无论如何,这是一种可以通过click. 如测试结果所示,生成的帮助不太理想,但可能还不错。

定制类:

import click

class DefaultCommandGroup(click.Group):
    """allow a default command for a group"""

    def command(self, *args, **kwargs):
        default_command = kwargs.pop('default_command', False)
        if default_command and not args:
            kwargs['name'] = kwargs.get('name', '<>')
        decorator = super(
            DefaultCommandGroup, self).command(*args, **kwargs)

        if default_command:
            def new_decorator(f):
                cmd = decorator(f)
                self.default_command = cmd.name
                return cmd

            return new_decorator

        return decorator

    def resolve_command(self, ctx, args):
        try:
            # test if the command parses
            return super(
                DefaultCommandGroup, self).resolve_command(ctx, args)
        except click.UsageError:
            # command did not parse, assume it is the default command
            args.insert(0, self.default_command)
            return super(
                DefaultCommandGroup, self).resolve_command(ctx, args)
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使用自定义类

要使用自定义类,请将cls参数传递给click.group()装饰器。然后传递default_command=True默认命令。

@click.group(cls=DefaultCommandGroup)
def a_group():
    """My Amazing Group"""

@a_group.command(default_command=True)
def a_command():
    """a command under the group"""
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这是如何运作的?

这是有效的,因为click它是一个设计良好的 OO 框架。装饰@click.group()器通常会实例化一个click.Group对象,但允许使用参数覆盖此行为cls。因此,在我们自己的类中继承click.Group并重写所需的方法是相对容易的事情。

在这种情况下,我们会覆盖,click.Group.command()以便在添加命令时我们找到默认命令。此外,我们进行覆盖,click.Group.resolve_command()以便在第一次解析不成功时可以插入默认命令名称。

测试代码:

@click.group(cls=DefaultCommandGroup)
def main():
    pass

@main.command(default_command=True)
@click.argument('arg')
def noname(arg):
    """ does stuff """
    click.echo('default: {}'.format(arg))

@main.command()
@click.argument('arg')
def cut(arg):
    """ cuts stuff """
    click.echo('cut: {}'.format(arg))

@main.command()
@click.argument('arg')
def eat(arg):
    """ eats stuff """
    click.echo('eat: {}'.format(arg))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    commands = (
        'an_arg',
        'cut cut_arg',
        'eat eat_arg',
        '--help',
        'cut --help',
        'eat --help',
        '',
    )

    import sys, time

    time.sleep(1)
    print('Click Version: {}'.format(click.__version__))
    print('Python Version: {}'.format(sys.version))
    for command in commands:
        try:
            time.sleep(0.1)
            print('-----------')
            print('> ' + command)
            time.sleep(0.1)
            main(command.split())

        except BaseException as exc:
            if str(exc) != '0' and \
                    not isinstance(exc,
                                   (click.ClickException, SystemExit)):
                raise
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结果:

Click Version: 6.7
Python Version: 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct  3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
-----------
> an_arg
default: an_arg
-----------
> cut cut_arg
cut: cut_arg
-----------
> eat eat_arg
eat: eat_arg
-----------
> --help
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

Options:
  --help  Show this message and exit.

Commands:
  <>   does stuff
  cut  cuts stuff
  eat  eats stuff
-----------
> cut --help
Usage: test.py cut [OPTIONS] ARG

  cuts stuff

Options:
  --help  Show this message and exit.
-----------
> eat --help
Usage: test.py eat [OPTIONS] ARG

  eats stuff

Options:
  --help  Show this message and exit.
-----------
> 
Usage: test.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...

Options:
  --help  Show this message and exit.

Commands:
  <>   does stuff
  cut  cuts stuff
  eat  eats stuff
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  • 令人印象深刻,但这是否有点过分了?:) (2认同)