Chr*_*lly 8 python command-line-interface python-click
我有一个函数,使用click打包为命令。所以看起来像这样:
@click.command()
@click.option('-w', '--width', type=int, help="Some helping message", default=0)
[... some other options ...]
def app(width, [... some other option arguments...]):
[... function code...]
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我对此功能有不同的用例。有时,可以通过命令行调用它,但是有时候我也想直接调用该函数
from file_name import app
width = 45
app(45, [... other arguments ...])
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我们该怎么做?我们如何使用click调用已包装为命令的函数?我找到了这篇相关的文章,但是我不清楚如何使它适应我的情况(即,从头开始构建Context类并在click命令功能之外使用它)。
编辑:我应该提到:我不能(轻松)修改包含要调用的函数的程序包。因此,我正在寻找的解决方案是如何从呼叫方进行处理。
Mas*_*son 17
我尝试使用 Python 3.7 并单击 7 以下代码:
import click
@click.command()
@click.option('-w', '--width', type=int, default=0)
@click.option('--option2')
@click.argument('argument')
def app(width, option2, argument):
click.echo("params: {} {} {}".format(width, option2, argument))
assert width == 3
assert option2 == '4'
assert argument == 'arg'
app(["arg", "--option2", "4", "-w", 3], standalone_mode=False)
app(["arg", "-w", 3, "--option2", "4" ], standalone_mode=False)
app(["-w", 3, "--option2", "4", "arg"], standalone_mode=False)
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所有app通话均正常!
Pie*_*ico 12
文档中描述了此用例。
有时,从一个命令调用另一个命令可能会很有趣。Click 通常不鼓励这种模式,但尽管如此,这种模式还是有可能的。为此,您可以使用 Context.invoke() 或 Context.forward() 方法。
cli = click.Group()
@cli.command()
@click.option('--count', default=1)
def test(count):
click.echo('Count: %d' % count)
@cli.command()
@click.option('--count', default=1)
@click.pass_context
def dist(ctx, count):
ctx.forward(test)
ctx.invoke(test, count=42)
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它们的工作方式类似,但不同之处在于 Context.invoke() 仅使用您作为调用者提供的参数调用另一个命令,而 Context.forward() 则填充当前命令中的参数。
如果只想调用底层函数,可以直接以click.Command.callback. Click 将底层包装的 Python 函数存储为类成员。请注意,直接调用该函数将绕过所有单击验证,并且不会出现任何单击上下文信息。
下面是一个示例代码,它迭代click.Command当前 Python 模块中的所有对象,并从中创建可调用函数的字典。
from functools import partial
from inspect import getmembers
import click
all_functions_of_click_commands = {}
def _call_click_command(cmd: click.Command, *args, **kwargs):
result = cmd.callback(*args, **kwargs)
return result
# Pull out all Click commands from the current module
module = sys.modules[__name__]
for name, obj in getmembers(module):
if isinstance(obj, click.Command) and not isinstance(obj, click.Group):
# Create a wrapper Python function that calls click Command.
# Click uses dash in command names and dash is not valid Python syntax
name = name.replace("-", "_")
# We also set docstring of this function correctly.
func = partial(_call_click_command, obj)
func.__doc__ = obj.__doc__
all_functions_of_click_commands[name] = func
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完整的示例可以在binance-api-test-tool源代码中找到。
您可以click通过从参数重构命令行来从常规代码中调用命令功能。使用您的示例,它看起来可能像这样:
call_click_command(app, width, [... other arguments ...])
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def call_click_command(cmd, *args, **kwargs):
""" Wrapper to call a click command
:param cmd: click cli command function to call
:param args: arguments to pass to the function
:param kwargs: keywrod arguments to pass to the function
:return: None
"""
# Get positional arguments from args
arg_values = {c.name: a for a, c in zip(args, cmd.params)}
args_needed = {c.name: c for c in cmd.params
if c.name not in arg_values}
# build and check opts list from kwargs
opts = {a.name: a for a in cmd.params if isinstance(a, click.Option)}
for name in kwargs:
if name in opts:
arg_values[name] = kwargs[name]
else:
if name in args_needed:
arg_values[name] = kwargs[name]
del args_needed[name]
else:
raise click.BadParameter(
"Unknown keyword argument '{}'".format(name))
# check positional arguments list
for arg in (a for a in cmd.params if isinstance(a, click.Argument)):
if arg.name not in arg_values:
raise click.BadParameter("Missing required positional"
"parameter '{}'".format(arg.name))
# build parameter lists
opts_list = sum(
[[o.opts[0], str(arg_values[n])] for n, o in opts.items()], [])
args_list = [str(v) for n, v in arg_values.items() if n not in opts]
# call the command
cmd(opts_list + args_list)
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之所以可行,是因为click是一个设计良好的OO框架。@click.Command可以对对象进行自省以确定其期望的参数。然后可以构造一个命令行,该命令行看起来像单击所期望的命令行。
import click
@click.command()
@click.option('-w', '--width', type=int, default=0)
@click.option('--option2')
@click.argument('argument')
def app(width, option2, argument):
click.echo("params: {} {} {}".format(width, option2, argument))
assert width == 3
assert option2 == '4'
assert argument == 'arg'
width = 3
option2 = 4
argument = 'arg'
if __name__ == "__main__":
commands = (
(width, option2, argument, {}),
(width, option2, dict(argument=argument)),
(width, dict(option2=option2, argument=argument)),
(dict(width=width, option2=option2, argument=argument),),
)
import sys, time
time.sleep(1)
print('Click Version: {}'.format(click.__version__))
print('Python Version: {}'.format(sys.version))
for cmd in commands:
try:
time.sleep(0.1)
print('-----------')
print('> {}'.format(cmd))
time.sleep(0.1)
call_click_command(app, *cmd[:-1], **cmd[-1])
except BaseException as exc:
if str(exc) != '0' and \
not isinstance(exc, (click.ClickException, SystemExit)):
raise
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Click Version: 6.7
Python Version: 3.6.3 (v3.6.3:2c5fed8, Oct 3 2017, 18:11:49) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)]
-----------
> (3, 4, 'arg', {})
params: 3 4 arg
-----------
> (3, 4, {'argument': 'arg'})
params: 3 4 arg
-----------
> (3, {'option2': 4, 'argument': 'arg'})
params: 3 4 arg
-----------
> ({'width': 3, 'option2': 4, 'argument': 'arg'},)
params: 3 4 arg
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