如何使用 PyQt 组织布局
Ten*_*ero 2 python pyqt widget matplotlib pyqt5
我对 PyQt 很陌生，我发现在窗口中订购小部件非常困难。
我有一个实时更新的绘图，一个每次用户单击绘图时都会更新的表格，以及两个按钮（开始/停止）。
当前布局的行为方式如下：
我希望它看起来像这样：
其中“其他小部件”对应于我将在此工作时添加的未来小部件（例如滑块或下拉列表）。桌子也应该尽可能的薄，以最大化地块的大小并且不让桌子占据不必要的空间。我当前的代码如下（它是独立的）：
import sys
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.qt_compat import QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
def onclick(event):
global clicks
clicks.append(event.xdata)
return
class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(ApplicationWindow, self).__init__()
self._title = 'Prueba real-time'
self.setWindowTitle(self._title)
self._main = QtWidgets.QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(self._main)
layout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self._main)
dynamic_canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(10, 10)))
layout.addWidget(dynamic_canvas)
self._dynamic_ax = dynamic_canvas.figure.subplots()
dynamic_canvas.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', onclick)
self._dynamic_ax.grid()
self._timer = dynamic_canvas.new_timer(
100, [(self._update_window, (), {})])
self._timer.start()
button_stop = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Stop', self)
layout.addWidget(button_stop)
button_stop.clicked.connect(self.button_pressed)
button_start = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Start', self)
layout.addWidget(button_start)
button_start.clicked.connect(self.button_pressed)
self.table_clicks = QtWidgets.QTableWidget()
self.table_clicks.setRowCount(0)
self.table_clicks.setColumnCount(2)
layout.addWidget(self.table_clicks)
def button_pressed(self):
if self.sender().text() == 'Stop':
self._timer.stop()
if self.sender().text() == 'Start':
self._timer.start()
def _update_window(self):
self._dynamic_ax.clear()
global x, y1, y2, y3, N, count_iter, last_number_clicks
x.append(x[count_iter] + 0.01)
y1.append(np.random.random())
idx_inf = max([count_iter-N, 0])
if last_number_clicks < len(clicks):
for new_click in clicks[last_number_clicks:(len(clicks))]:
rowPosition = self.table_clicks.rowCount()
self.table_clicks.insertRow(rowPosition)
self.table_clicks.setItem(rowPosition,0, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem(str(new_click)))
self.table_clicks.setItem(rowPosition,1, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem("Descripcion"))
last_number_clicks = len(clicks)
self._dynamic_ax.plot(x[idx_inf:count_iter], y1[idx_inf:count_iter],'-o', color='b')
count_iter += 1
self._dynamic_ax.figure.canvas.draw()
#%%
if __name__ == "__main__":
pressed_key = {}
clicks = []
last_number_clicks = len(clicks)
N = 25
y1 = [np.random.random()]
x = [0]
count_iter = 0
qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
app = ApplicationWindow()
app.show()
qapp.exec_()
您想要的结构是网格，因此您应该使用QGridLayout.
QGridLayout 具有 addWidget() 方法，您可以在其中指示放置小部件的行和列，与 addLayout() 相同
void QGridLayout::addWidget(QWidget *widget, int row, int column, Qt::Alignment alignment = ...)
void QGridLayout::addLayout(QLayout *layout, int row, int column, Qt::Alignment alignment = ...)
在您的情况下，结构应如下所示：
QGridLayout
??? Plot (0, 0)
??? Table (0, 1)
??? Other Widgets (1, 0)
??? QVBoxLayout (1, 1)
??? button_start
??? button_stop
然后您可以指示每列的权重，也就是说，列宽将具有相对于第 2 列的比例宽度，使用setColumnStretch()：
layout.setColumnStretch(0, 2)
layout.setColumnStretch(1, 1)
考虑到上述情况，我们有以下几点：
import sys
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.qt_compat import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
def onclick(event):
global clicks
clicks.append(event.xdata)
class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(ApplicationWindow, self).__init__()
self._title = 'Prueba real-time'
self.setWindowTitle(self._title)
self._main = QtWidgets.QWidget()
self.setCentralWidget(self._main)
dynamic_canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(10, 10)))
self._dynamic_ax = dynamic_canvas.figure.subplots()
dynamic_canvas.figure.canvas.mpl_connect('button_press_event', onclick)
self._dynamic_ax.grid()
self._timer = dynamic_canvas.new_timer(
100, [(self._update_window, (), {})])
self._timer.start()
button_stop = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Stop', self)
button_stop.clicked.connect(self._timer.stop)
button_start = QtWidgets.QPushButton('Start', self)
button_start.clicked.connect(self._timer.start)
self.table_clicks = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(0, 2)
self.table_clicks.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(QtWidgets.QHeaderView.Stretch)
other_widget = QtWidgets.QLabel("Other widgets",
font=QtGui.QFont("Times", 60, QtGui.QFont.Bold),
alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
# layouts
layout = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self._main)
layout.addWidget(dynamic_canvas, 0, 0)
layout.addWidget(self.table_clicks, 0, 1)
layout.addWidget(other_widget, 1, 0)
button_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
button_layout.addWidget(button_stop)
button_layout.addWidget(button_start)
layout.addLayout(button_layout, 1, 1)
layout.setColumnStretch(0, 2)
layout.setColumnStretch(1, 1)
def _update_window(self):
self._dynamic_ax.clear()
global x, y1, y2, y3, N, count_iter, last_number_clicks
x.append(x[count_iter] + 0.01)
y1.append(np.random.random())
idx_inf = max([count_iter-N, 0])
if last_number_clicks < len(clicks):
for new_click in clicks[last_number_clicks:(len(clicks))]:
rowPosition = self.table_clicks.rowCount()
self.table_clicks.insertRow(rowPosition)
self.table_clicks.setItem(rowPosition,0, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem(str(new_click)))
self.table_clicks.setItem(rowPosition,1, QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem("Descripcion"))
last_number_clicks = len(clicks)
self._dynamic_ax.plot(x[idx_inf:count_iter], y1[idx_inf:count_iter],'-o', color='b')
count_iter += 1
self._dynamic_ax.figure.canvas.draw()
#%%
if __name__ == "__main__":
pressed_key = {}
clicks = []
last_number_clicks = len(clicks)
N = 25
y1 = [np.random.random()]
x = [0]
count_iter = 0
qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
app = ApplicationWindow()
app.show()
sys.exit(qapp.exec_())
