管道:多个分类器？

Question

我在Python中阅读以下关于Pipelines和GridSearchCV的示例:http://www.davidsbatista.net/blog/2017/04/01/document_classification/

Logistic回归:

pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('tfidf', TfidfVectorizer(stop_words=stop_words)),
    ('clf', OneVsRestClassifier(LogisticRegression(solver='sag')),
])
parameters = {
    'tfidf__max_df': (0.25, 0.5, 0.75),
    'tfidf__ngram_range': [(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3)],
    "clf__estimator__C": [0.01, 0.1, 1],
    "clf__estimator__class_weight": ['balanced', None],
}

SVM:

pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('tfidf', TfidfVectorizer(stop_words=stop_words)),
    ('clf', OneVsRestClassifier(LinearSVC()),
])
parameters = {
    'tfidf__max_df': (0.25, 0.5, 0.75),
    'tfidf__ngram_range': [(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3)],
    "clf__estimator__C": [0.01, 0.1, 1],
    "clf__estimator__class_weight": ['balanced', None],
}

有没有一种方法可以将Logistic回归和SVM组合成一个管道？比方说,我有一个TfidfVectorizer,喜欢测试多个分类器,然后每个分类器输出最好的模型/参数.

Answer 1

这是一种优化任何分类器以及对每个分类器进行参数设置的简便方法。

创建适用于任何估算器的切换器类

from sklearn.base import BaseEstimator
class ClfSwitcher(BaseEstimator):

def __init__(
    self, 
    estimator = SGDClassifier(),
):
    """
    A Custom BaseEstimator that can switch between classifiers.
    :param estimator: sklearn object - The classifier
    """ 

    self.estimator = estimator


def fit(self, X, y=None, **kwargs):
    self.estimator.fit(X, y)
    return self


def predict(self, X, y=None):
    return self.estimator.predict(X)


def predict_proba(self, X):
    return self.estimator.predict_proba(X)


def score(self, X, y):
    return self.estimator.score(X, y)

现在，您可以为estimator参数传递任何内容。您可以按以下方式为传入的任何估计量优化任何参数：

执行超参数优化

from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB
from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV

pipeline = Pipeline([
    ('tfidf', TfidfVectorizer()),
    ('clf', ClfSwitcher()),
])

parameters = [
    {
        'clf__estimator': [SGDClassifier()], # SVM if hinge loss / logreg if log loss
        'tfidf__max_df': (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0),
        'tfidf__stop_words': ['english', None],
        'clf__estimator__penalty': ('l2', 'elasticnet', 'l1'),
        'clf__estimator__max_iter': [50, 80],
        'clf__estimator__tol': [1e-4],
        'clf__estimator__loss': ['hinge', 'log', 'modified_huber'],
    },
    {
        'clf__estimator': [MultinomialNB()],
        'tfidf__max_df': (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0),
        'tfidf__stop_words': [None],
        'clf__estimator__alpha': (1e-2, 1e-3, 1e-1),
    },
]

gscv = GridSearchCV(pipeline, parameters, cv=5, n_jobs=12, return_train_score=False, verbose=3)
gscv.fit(train_data, train_labels)

怎么解释 clf__estimator__loss

clf__estimator__loss被解释loss为任何参数estimator，estimator = SGDClassifier()在最上面的示例中，本身clf就是ClfSwitcher对象的参数。

Answer 2

是的,您可以通过构建包装函数来实现.这个想法是传递两个词典:模型和参数;

然后使用GridSearchCV为此迭代地调用包含所有参数的模型进行测试.

检查此示例,添加了额外的功能,以便最后输出一个数据框,其中包含不同模型/参数和不同性能分数的摘要.

编辑:这里粘贴的代码太多了,您可以在这里查看完整的工作示例:

http://www.davidsbatista.net/blog/2018/02/23/model_optimization/

Answer 3

这就是我在没有包装函数的情况下完成的方法。您可以评估任意数量的分类器。每个参数可以有多个参数用于超参数优化。

得分最高的将使用 pickle 保存到磁盘

from sklearn.svm import SVC
from operator import itemgetter
from sklearn.utils import shuffle
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer

#pipeline parameters
    parameters = \
        [ \
            {
                'clf': [MultinomialNB()],
                'tf-idf__stop_words': ['english', None],
                'clf__alpha': [0.001, 0.1, 1, 10, 100]
            },

            {
                'clf': [SVC()],
                'tf-idf__stop_words': ['english', None],
                'clf__C': [0.001, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 10e5],
                'clf__kernel': ['linear', 'rbf'],
                'clf__class_weight': ['balanced'],
                'clf__probability': [True]
            },

            {
                'clf': [DecisionTreeClassifier()],
                'tf-idf__stop_words': ['english', None],
                'clf__criterion': ['gini','entropy'],
                'clf__splitter': ['best','random'],
                'clf__class_weight':['balanced', None]
            }
        ]

    #evaluating multiple classifiers
    #based on pipeline parameters
    #-------------------------------
    result=[]

    for params in parameters:

        #classifier
        clf = params['clf'][0]

        #getting arguments by
        #popping out classifier
        params.pop('clf')

        #pipeline
        steps = [('tf-idf', TfidfVectorizer()), ('clf',clf)]

        #cross validation using
        #Grid Search
        grid = GridSearchCV(Pipeline(steps), param_grid=params, cv=3)
        grid.fit(features, labels)

        #storing result
        result.append\
        (
            {
                'grid': grid,
                'classifier': grid.best_estimator_,
                'best score': grid.best_score_,
                'best params': grid.best_params_,
                'cv': grid.cv
            }
        )

    #sorting result by best score
    result = sorted(result, key=itemgetter('best score'),reverse=True)

    #saving best classifier
    grid = result[0]['grid']
    joblib.dump(grid, 'classifier.pickle')