如何使用Swift键路径的异构数组

Dun*_*n C 6 sorting generics swift keypaths

似乎应该可以使用KeyPaths 数组作为排序键,以使用任意数量的排序键对Swift结构数组进行排序。从概念上讲,这很简单。您定义了一个通用对象的KeyPath数组,其中唯一的限制是keypath中的属性为Comparable

只要所有KeyPath都指向相同类型的属性,就可以了。但是,一旦您尝试使用指向数组中不同类型元素的KeyPath,它就会停止工作。

请参见下面的代码。我创建了一个具有2个Int属性和一个double属性的简单结构。我为实现函数的Array创建扩展,sortedByKeypaths(_:) 该函数指定可比较的通用类型PROPERTY。它需要一个kepath数组到某个对象元素,该对象指定了PROPERTY类型的属性。(可比较的属性。)

只要您使用一组KeyPath来调用具有相同类型的属性的函数,它就可以完美地工作。

但是,如果您尝试将键路径数组传递给不同类型的属性,则会引发错误“无法将类型'[PartialKeyPath]'的值转换为预期参数类型'[KeyPath]'”

由于数组包含异构键路径,因此由于类型擦除,数组会演变为类型为[[PartialKeyPath]],并且您不能使用PartialKeyPath从数组中获取元素。

有解决这个问题的方法吗?无法使用异构的KeyPath数组似乎严重限制了Swift KeyPath的用途

import UIKit

struct Stuff {
    let value: Int
    let value2: Int
    let doubleValue: Double
}

extension Array {

    func sortedByKeypaths<PROPERTY: Comparable>(_ keypaths: [KeyPath<Element, PROPERTY>]) -> [Element] {
        return self.sorted { lhs, rhs in
            var keypaths = keypaths
            while !keypaths.isEmpty {
                let keypath = keypaths.removeFirst()
                if lhs[keyPath: keypath] != rhs[keyPath: keypath] {
                    return lhs[keyPath: keypath] < rhs[keyPath: keypath]
                }
            }
            return true
        }
    }
}

var stuff = [Stuff]()

for _ in 1...20 {
    stuff.append(Stuff(value: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                       value2: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                 doubleValue: Double(arc4random_uniform(10))))
}

let  sortedStuff = stuff.sortedByKeypaths([\Stuff.value, \Stuff.value2]) //This works
sortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

let  moreSortedStuff = stuff.sortedByKeypaths([\Stuff.value, \Stuff.doubleValue]) //This throws a compiler error
moreSortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }
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Ham*_*ish 6

使用部分键路径数组的问题在于,您不能保证属性类型为Comparable。一种可能的解决方案是使用类型擦除包装器,以擦除键路径的值类型,同时确保它是Comparable

struct PartialComparableKeyPath<Root> {

  private let _isEqual: (Root, Root) -> Bool
  private let _isLessThan: (Root, Root) -> Bool

  init<Value : Comparable>(_ keyPath: KeyPath<Root, Value>) {
    self._isEqual = { $0[keyPath: keyPath] == $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
    self._isLessThan = { $0[keyPath: keyPath] < $1[keyPath: keyPath] }
  }

  func isEqual(_ lhs: Root, _ rhs: Root) -> Bool {
    return _isEqual(lhs, rhs)
  }

  func isLessThan(_ lhs: Root, _ rhs: Root) -> Bool {
    return _isLessThan(lhs, rhs)
  }
}
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然后,您可以将排序功能实现为:

extension Sequence {

  func sorted(by keyPaths: PartialComparableKeyPath<Element>...) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      for keyPath in keyPaths {
        if !keyPath.isEqual(lhs, rhs) {
          return keyPath.isLessThan(lhs, rhs)
        }
      }
      return false
    }
  }
}
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然后像这样使用:

struct Stuff {
  let value: Int
  let value2: Int
  let doubleValue: Double
}

var stuff = [Stuff]()

for _ in 1 ... 20 {
  stuff.append(Stuff(value: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                     value2: Int(arc4random_uniform(5)),
                     doubleValue: Double(arc4random_uniform(10))))
}


let sortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: PartialComparableKeyPath(\.value),
                                   PartialComparableKeyPath(\.value2))
sortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

let moreSortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: PartialComparableKeyPath(\.value),
                                       PartialComparableKeyPath(\.doubleValue))
moreSortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }
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虽然很不幸,但这需要将每个单独的键路径包装在一个PartialComparableKeyPath值中,以便捕获和清除键路径的值类型,这并不是特别漂亮。

实际上,我们这里需要的功能是可变参数泛型,它可以让您在键路径的值类型的可变数量的泛型占位符上定义函数,每个占位符都限于Comparable

在此之前,另一种选择是只写给定数量的重载,以比较不同数量的键路径:

extension Sequence {
  func sorted<A : Comparable>(by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      lhs[keyPath: keyPathA] < rhs[keyPath: keyPathA]
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable, D : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>, _ keyPathD: KeyPath<Element, D>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC], lhs[keyPath: keyPathD]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC], rhs[keyPath: keyPathD])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable, D : Comparable, E : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>, _ keyPathD: KeyPath<Element, D>, _ keyPathE: KeyPath<Element, E>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC], lhs[keyPath: keyPathD], lhs[keyPath: keyPathE]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC], rhs[keyPath: keyPathD], rhs[keyPath: keyPathE])
    }
  }

  func sorted<A : Comparable, B : Comparable, C : Comparable, D : Comparable, E : Comparable, F : Comparable>
    (by keyPathA: KeyPath<Element, A>, _ keyPathB: KeyPath<Element, B>, _ keyPathC: KeyPath<Element, C>, _ keyPathD: KeyPath<Element, D>, _ keyPathE: KeyPath<Element, E>, _ keyPathF: KeyPath<Element, F>) -> [Element] {
    return sorted { lhs, rhs in
      (lhs[keyPath: keyPathA], lhs[keyPath: keyPathB], lhs[keyPath: keyPathC], lhs[keyPath: keyPathD], lhs[keyPath: keyPathE], lhs[keyPath: keyPathF]) <
        (rhs[keyPath: keyPathA], rhs[keyPath: keyPathB], rhs[keyPath: keyPathC], rhs[keyPath: keyPathD], rhs[keyPath: keyPathE], rhs[keyPath: keyPathF])
    }
  }
}
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我已经为它们定义了最多6个键路径,对于大多数排序情况而言,这应该足够了。我们正在做的字典元组比较重载的优势<在这里,也表现出在这里

尽管实现的效果并不理想,但呼叫站点现在看起来要好得多,因为它可以让您说:

let sortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: \.value, \.value2)
sortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }

let moreSortedStuff = stuff.sorted(by: \.value, \.doubleValue)
moreSortedStuff.forEach { print($0) }
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