SRP*_*123 5 google-maps r distance coordinates google-maps-api-3
我需要计算栅格质心(长纬度坐标)和参考点之间的旅行时间(例如乘车)。然而,不幸的是,许多栅格质心不在 googlemaps 的覆盖范围内,我想知道是否有一种解决方法可以让我以最快的方式到达参考点(例如结合步行到街道然后开车到参考点),如果是这样,我如何有效地做到这一点?
问题是,当我只是寻找下一个定位点时,我会产生偏差,将到该点的距离作为步行距离,然后从那里到参考点的 googlemaps 行驶距离,因为最近的点可能不是最快路线..
我试图使用 gmapsdistance-function 来做到这一点。下面是一个例子:
library(gmapsdistance)
#While this can be located and works well
> gmapsdistance(origin = "5.600451+-0.202553",
+ destination = "5.591622+-0.187677",
+ mode = "walking")
$Time
[1] 2101
$Distance
[1] 2667
$Status
[1] "OK"
#Changing the origin to other points often does not work as the points cannot be located and results in an NA-output
> gmapsdistance(origin = "7.9254948+-0.6283887",
+ destination = "5.591622+-0.187677",
+ mode = "walking")
$Time
[1] NA
$Distance
[1] NA
$Status
[1] "ROUTE_NOT_FOUND"
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非常感谢!
我认为解决此问题的一种方法是获取加纳道路的形状文件并执行地理空间操作以找到最近的道路。从那里你应该能够使用 Google 的 API 来获取驾驶距离
该解决方案的步骤是
在此示例中,我使用的 shapefile 来自此处
library(sf) ## geospatial operations
library(googleway) ## plotting and google API
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笔记:
googleway是我的包,您需要 Google API 密钥才能使用它
## Setting API keys I'll be using, one for the maps and one for directions
set_key("my_map_key"), api = "map")
set_key("my_other_api_key")
## Ghana roads
ghanaRoads <- sf::st_read("~/Downloads/gha_roads_dcw/GHA_rds_1m_dcw.shp")
## origin piont
df <- data.frame(lat = 7.9254948, lon = -0.6283887)
## destination point
dest <- data.frame(lat = 5.591622, lon = -0.187677)
google_map() %>%
add_markers(data = df) %>%
add_markers(data = dest) %>%
add_polylines(ghanaRoads)
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您在此处使用的具体方法可能会有所不同。但在这个例子中,我使用两个坐标之间的一条线来让我们合理猜测行进方向,以及起点应该在哪里。
## convert origin into an 'sf' object
sf_origin <- sf::st_sf(geometry = sf::st_sfc(sf::st_point(x = c(-0.6283887, 7.9254948))))
## create a line between the origin and destination
m <- matrix(c(-0.6283887, 7.9254948, -0.187677, 5.591622), ncol = 2, byrow = T)
sf_line <- sf::st_sf(geometry = sf::st_sfc(sf::st_linestring(x = m)))
## The coordinate reference system needs to match between the two for
## spatial operations
sf::st_crs(sf_line) <- sf::st_crs(ghanaRoads)
sf::st_crs(sf_origin) <- sf::st_crs(ghanaRoads)
## find all the intersecting points
sf_intersections <- sf::st_intersection(ghanaRoads, sf_line)
google_map() %>%
add_markers(data = df) %>%
add_markers(data = dest) %>%
add_polylines(data = ghanaRoads) %>%
add_markers(data = sf_intersections)
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我们可以使用距原点最近的交点作为方向查询的起点。
笔记
找到最近的方法sf是使用sf::st_distance,但这取决于lwgeom您的系统上是否安装了它,但我在安装它时遇到了问题,所以我不得不使用不同的方法
我正在使用我为此答案编写的 data.table 函数来计算从每个点到原点的半正矢距离。然后我选择距离最小的一个。
library(data.table)
coords <- matrix(unlist(sf_intersections$geometry), ncol = 2, byrow = T)
## Taking a fucntion I wrote for this answer
## /sf/answers/2941005511/
dt.haversine <- function(lat_from, lon_from, lat_to, lon_to, r = 6378137){
radians <- pi/180
lat_to <- lat_to * radians
lat_from <- lat_from * radians
lon_to <- lon_to * radians
lon_from <- lon_from * radians
dLat <- (lat_to - lat_from)
dLon <- (lon_to - lon_from)
a <- (sin(dLat/2)^2) + (cos(lat_from) * cos(lat_to)) * (sin(dLon/2)^2)
return(2 * atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1 - a)) * r)
}
dt <- as.data.table(coords)
dt[, `:=`(origin_lon = df$lon, origin_lat = df$lat)]
dt[, distance := dt.haversine(origin_lat, origin_lon, V1, V2)]
## min distance
sf_nearest <- dt[order(-distance)][1, .(lon = V1, lat = V2)]
sf_nearest <- sf::st_point(c(sf_nearest$lon, sf_nearest$lat))
sf_nearest <- sf::st_sf(geometry = sf::st_sfc(sf_nearest))
sf_nearest$colour <- "green"
google_map() %>%
add_markers(data = df) %>%
add_markers(data = dest) %>%
add_markers(data = sf_nearest, colour = "colour")
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我们可以在路线查询中使用这个绿色标记
orig <- sf_nearest$geometry[[1]]
orig <- as.numeric(orig)
df_orig <- data.frame(lat = orig[2], lon = orig[1])
google_map() %>%
add_markers(df_orig)
res <- google_directions(origin = df_orig,
destination = dest)
## all the api results are now stored in the 'res' object.
direction_legs(res)$distance
# text value
# 1 397 km 396829
## you can look at the route through the polygoin
df_route <- data.frame(polyline = direction_polyline(res))
google_map() %>%
add_markers(data = df_orig) %>%
add_markers(data = dest) %>%
add_polylines(data = df_route, polyline = "polyline")
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给出dt[order(-distance)]了从原点到新原点的距离,
dt[order(-distance)][1, distance]
# [1] 1329904
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这是以米为单位的。假设平均步行速度为 4 公里/小时,您可以将其添加到总时间中
正如评论中所要求的,查找最近道路的另一种方法是在原点周围绘制缓冲区并查找任何相交的道路
sf_buffer <- sf::st_buffer(sf_origin, dist = 0.5)
sf::st_crs(sf_buffer) <- sf::st_crs(ghanaRoads)
google_map() %>%
add_polylines(ghanaRoads) %>%
add_polygons(sf_buffer)
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然后您可以找到与该缓冲区相交的所有线
sf_intersection <- sf::st_intersection(sf_buffer, ghanaRoads)
google_map() %>%
add_markers(data = df) %>%
add_polylines(sf_intersection)
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您可以sf_intersection在距离计算中使用这个新对象。