J. *_* B. 2 java web-services netty
我已经实现了一个服务器应用程序,该应用程序使用netty框架使用ChannelInblundHandlerAdapter读取传入的字节。
如标题所示,我的问题是,我不定期地从客户端获取内容,我认为是在〜1.500字节后被削减。例如:在这种情况下,我应该收到一个大的JSON数组。因为它被剪切,所以我无法解析它。
我尝试在使用消息之前使用管道中的附加ByteToMessageDecoder通道对消息进行解码。但这不能解决问题。我在JSON中没有定界符,因此我可以检查并再次将两个(或多个)部分粘在一起。
这是我的管道配置:
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new IdleStateHandler(45,0,0));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new MyByteToMessageDecoder());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new GatewayCommunicationHandler());
}
})
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 8192)
.childOption(ChannelOption.RCVBUF_ALLOCATOR, new FixedRecvByteBufAllocator(8192))
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
initRestServer();
// Bind and start to accept incoming connections.
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(Config.gatewayPort).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
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多数民众赞成在我的ByteToMessageDecoder:(我知道这是一团糟,但我不知道如何处理我的情况)
public class MyByteToMessageDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) {
byte[] receivedBytes = new byte[in.readableBytes()];
in.getBytes(in.readerIndex(), receivedBytes);
if (receivedBytes[in.readableBytes()-1] != (byte) 0) {
out.add(receivedBytes);
return;
}
int lenForOutBytes = 0;
for (Object o : out) {
byte[] bytes = (byte[]) o;
lenForOutBytes += bytes.length;
}
byte[] outBytes = new byte[lenForOutBytes];
for (Object o : out) {
byte[] bytes = (byte[]) o;
if (out.size() == 1) {
outBytes = (byte[]) out.get(0);
}
else {
int i = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
outBytes[i + j] = bytes[j];
}
i += bytes.length;
}
}
ctx.fireChannelRead(outBytes);
in.resetReaderIndex();
}
...
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还有其他人有这样的问题吗?
感谢您的回覆
布鲁·乔
我已经看到这个问题经常发生,所以我的目标范围比平常大了一点
发生此问题的原因是TCP是基于流的,而不是基于数据包的。
这基本上是发生的:
所以解决这个问题,有多种方法
虽然这通常是解决数据包最简单的方法,但在同时处理大小消息时效率也最低。这也需要更改协议。
基本思想是在发送数据包之前预先设置长度,这样可以正确拆分邮件
如果您使用标准的整数字段,这很简单,因为Netty为此内置了类:
在管道中按以下方式使用它
// int maxFrameLength, int lengthFieldOffset, int lengthFieldLength, int lengthAdjustment, int initialBytesToStrip
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(1024 * 4, 0, 2, 0, 2));
// int lengthFieldLength, int lengthAdjustment
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(2, 0));
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这基本上像以下这样对数据包进行了构架:
您发送:
DATA: 12B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 21 |Hello World! |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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LengthFieldPrepender 将此转换为:
DATA: 14B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 00 0c 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 21 |..Hello World! |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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然后,当您收到消息时,将其LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder解码为:
DATA: 12B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 21 |Hello World! |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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某些协议采用不同的方法,而不是在固定长度上进行拆分,而是在定界符上进行拆分。快速查看方法是Java中的字符串以a结束,"文本文件中的行以换行结束,自然文本中的段落以双换行结束。
从Netty发送消息时,您需要在消息本身中手动添加定界符,接收时可以使用DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder将输入流解码为消息。
管道示例:
在管道中按以下方式使用它
// int maxFrameLength, ByteBuf... delimiters
pipeline.addLast(1024 * 4, DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(Delimiters.lineDelimiter()));
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发送消息时,您需要手动添加定界符:
DATA: 14B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 21 0d 0a |Hello World!.. |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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接收消息时,DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder为您将消息转换为帧:
DATA: 12B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 48 65 6c 6c 6f 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 21 |Hello World! |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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并非所有取景都是容易的,如果避免的话,某些解决方案实际上是最好的,但是有时候,您确实需要做一些肮脏的工作。
这分为2类:
使用这些解决方案,您基本上可以使用其他框架中的现有解码器来解析数据包,并检测其处理失败。
GSON和的示例ReplayingDecoder:
public class GSONDecoder
extends ReplayingDecoder<Void> {
Gson gson = new GsonBuilder().create();
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf buf, List<Object> out)
throws Exception {
out.add(gson.fromJson(new ByteBufInputStream(buf, false), Object.class));
}
}
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如果要使用模式检测方法,则需要了解协议。让我们为JSON创建一个模式检测解码器。
基于JSON的结构,让我们做以下假设:
{和},和[和]{和}之间的匹配对应忽略"" 当以 \\如果由前缀应该被忽略\,从解析时,从左向右基于这些属性,让我们ByteToMessageDecoder基于以下假设进行:
public static class JSONDecoder extends ByteToMessageDecoder {
// Notice, this class is designed for JSON without a charset definition at the start, adding this is hard as we basicly have to call differend
@Override
protected void decode(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ByteBuf in, List<Object> out) throws Exception {
in.markReaderIndex();
int fromIndex = in.readerIndex();
int unclosedCurlyBracketsSeen = 0;
boolean inQuotedSection = false;
boolean nonWhitespaceSeen = false;
boolean slashSeen = false;
while (in.isReadable()) {
boolean newSlashSeenState = false;
byte character = in.readByte();
if (character == '{' && !inQuotedSection) {
unclosedCurlyBracketsSeen++;
}
if (character == '}' && !inQuotedSection) {
unclosedCurlyBracketsSeen--;
}
if (character == '[' && !inQuotedSection) {
unclosedCurlyBracketsSeen++;
}
if (character == ']' && !inQuotedSection) {
unclosedCurlyBracketsSeen--;
}
if (character == '"' && !slashSeen) {
inQuotedSection = !inQuotedSection;
}
if (character == '\\' && !slashSeen) {
newSlashSeenState = true;
}
if (!Character.isWhitespace(character)) {
nonWhitespaceSeen = true;
}
slashSeen = newSlashSeenState;
if(unclosedCurlyBracketsSeen == 0 && nonWhitespaceSeen) {
int targetIndex = in.readerIndex();
out.add(in.slice(fromIndex, targetIndex - fromIndex).retain());
return;
}
}
// End of stream reached, but our JSON is not complete, reset our progress!
in.resetReaderIndex();
}
}
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接收消息时,它是这样工作的:
DATA: 35B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 7b 22 68 69 21 22 2c 22 53 74 72 69 6e 67 3a 20 |{"hi!","String: |
|00000010| 5c 22 48 69 5c 22 22 7d 20 20 7b 22 73 6c 61 73 |\"Hi\""} {"slas|
|00000020| 68 22 3a |h": |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
DATA: 34B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 22 5c 5c 22 7d 7b 22 4e 65 73 74 65 64 3a 22 3a |"\\"}{"Nested:":|
|00000010| 7b 22 64 65 65 70 65 72 22 3a 7b 22 6f 6b 22 7d |{"deeper":{"ok"}|
|00000020| 7d 7d |}} |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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如您所见,我们收到了2条消息,其中1条甚至被分割为2个“虚拟TCP”数据包,由我们的“ JSON解码器”将其转换为以下ByteBuf数据包:
DATA: 24B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 7b 22 68 69 21 22 2c 22 53 74 72 69 6e 67 3a 20 |{"hi!","String: |
|00000010| 5c 22 48 69 5c 22 22 7d |\"Hi\""} |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
DATA: 16B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 20 20 7b 22 73 6c 61 73 68 22 3a 22 5c 5c 22 7d | {"slash":"\\"}|
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
DATA: 29B
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
|00000000| 7b 22 4e 65 73 74 65 64 3a 22 3a 7b 22 64 65 65 |{"Nested:":{"dee|
|00000010| 70 65 72 22 3a 7b 22 6f 6b 22 7d 7d 7d |per":{"ok"}}} |
+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+
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