Flask Shell命令不起作用

Question

我是python和flask的新手,目前正在使用Flask Mega-Tutorial,但是:我flask shell无法识别我的自定义符号/命令.

当我尝试User通过键入flask shell我的虚拟环境来访问模型作为符号时,我得到了NameError: name 'User' is not defined.

User应该返回:<class 'application.models.User'>,但显示错误.

我不明白的是,app符号似乎工作正常,并返回<Flask 'application'>它应该.

我在这做错了什么？有进口的东西？

我做了一些研究:这看起来像我的问题但不使用app.sell_context_processor装饰器.

我还尝试了我的代码的变体:将app中的导入名称更改为应用程序,因为我从教程中的默认值更改了这些名称并使用user而不是User(lower vs. uppercase),但似乎没有任何效果.

请帮我解决这个问题!

错误

    (venv) MBP:books mbpp$ flask shell
    Python 3.6.5 (default, Mar 30 2018, 06:42:10) 
    [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 9.0.0 (clang-900.0.39.2)] on darwin
    App: application
    Instance: /Users/mbpp/Sites/books/instance
    >>> app
    <Flask 'application'>
    >>> User
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<console>", line 1, in <module>
    NameError: name 'User' is not defined

我的代码从application.py

   from application import app, db
   from application.models import User, Book, State, Course, BookTitle, Author

   @app.shell_context_processor
   def make_shell_context():
       return {'db': db, 'User': User, 'State': State, 'BookTitle': BookTitle, 'Author': Author}

从__init__.py

    from flask import Flask
    from config import Config
    from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
    from flask_migrate import Migrate
    from flask_login import LoginManager

    # initiate the Flask app
    app = Flask(__name__)

    # use the config.py file for configuration
    app.config.from_object(Config)

    # use SQLAlchemy for database management
    db = SQLAlchemy(app)

    # use Flask-Migrate extension for database migration management
    migrate = Migrate(app, db)

    # use Flask-Login extension for login form
    login = LoginManager(app)
    login.login_view = 'login'

    from application import routes, models

来自models.py(我正在建立一个用户可以出售书籍的网站)

   from application import db, login
   from datetime import datetime
   from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, 
   check_password_hash
   from flask_login import UserMixin

   # create a table to store users
   class User(UserMixin, db.Model):
        id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
        username = db.Column(db.String(64), index = True, unique = True)
        email = db.Column(db.String(120), index = True, unique = True)
        password_hash = db.Column(db.String(128))
        phone = db.Column(db.String(64))
        books = db.relationship('Book', backref='seller_name', lazy='dynamic')

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<User: {}>'.format(self.username)

    # create a password hash
    def set_password(self, password):
        self.password_hash = generate_password_hash(password)

    # check the password hash against a user given password
    def check_password(self, password):
        return check_password_hash(self.password_hash, password)

    # create a table to store information on a book for sale
        class Book(db.Model):
            id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
            course_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('course.id'))
            title = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('booktitle.id'))
            author = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('author.id'))
            price = db.Column(db.Integer)
            isbn = db.Column(db.String(64), index = True)
            state_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('state.id'))
            state_description = db.Column(db.String(256))
            seller_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
            creation_timestamp = db.Column(db.DateTime, index = True, default = datetime.utcnow)

        def __repr__(self):
            return '<Book: {}>'.format(self.title)

    # create a table to store different states books can be in
        class State(db.Model):
            id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
            name = db.Column(db.String(128), index = True)
            books = db.relationship('Book', backref='state', lazy='dynamic')

        def __repr__(self):
            return '<State: {}>'.format(self.name)

    # create a table to store courses
        class Course(db.Model):
            id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
            name = db.Column(db.String(128), index = True)
            year = db.Column(db.Integer, index = True)
            books = db.relationship('Book', backref='course', lazy='dynamic')

        def __repr__(self):
        return '<Course: {}>'.format(self.name)

    # create a table to store booktitles
        class BookTitle(db.Model):
            id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
            title = db.Column(db.String(128), index = True)
            books = db.relationship('Book', backref='book_title', lazy='dynamic')

        def __repr__(self):
           return '<Book title: {}>'.format(self.title)

    # create a table to store authors
        class Author(db.Model):
        id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key = True)
        name = db.Column(db.String(128), index = True)
        books = db.relationship('Book', backref='author_name', lazy='dynamic')

        def __repr__(self):
            return '<Author: {}>'.format(self.name)

     # user loader for Flask-Login extension, gets users ID
     @login.user_loader
     def load_user(id):
         return User.query.get(int(id))

Answer 1

通过设置,需要告诉Flask如何导入它

FLASK_APP:(venv) $ export FLASK_APP=microblog.py

如果您使用的是Microsoft Windows,请使用set而不是export上面的命令.

Answer 2

由于很多米格尔,烧瓶米加教程的作者(去检查出来)を解决我的问题!

正如他在我的问题下面的评论中指出的那样:你不能拥有一个同名的模块和包.所以没有应用程序文件夹和application.py在同一时间.

解:

我将'application.py改为'theapp.py',现在flask shell就像一个魅力!除了export FLASK_APP=theapp.py在终端中运行之外,我不需要更改文件中的任何内容.