如何修复隐式转换警告？

Question

我正在阅读《C++ 如何编程》第 9 版，尝试学习 C++，并尝试使用第 7 章中的骑士问题进行练习。

根据输出中的“64”，代码显然存在某种逻辑错误（我将自行修复），但在执行此操作之前，我一直致力于理解以及如何处理编译器警告。

我已将 board 声明为 unsigned int 的二维数组，因为它只能包含值 0-7。同样，出于同样的原因，我将 for 循环中的变量声明为 unsigned int。

我在 stackoverflow 上读过有关此问题的回复，但它们很快就超出了我的理解范围。

#include <iostream>
#include <array>
#include <iomanip>

using namespace std;

void printArray(const array< array< unsigned int, 8 >, 8 >);

int main() {
  array< array< unsigned int, 8 >, 8 > board = {};
  array< int, 8 > horizontal = {{ 2, 1, -1, -2, -2, -1, 1, 2 }};
  array< int, 8 > vertical = {{ -1, -2, -2, -1, 1, 2, 2, 1 }};
  unsigned int currentRow = 0;
  unsigned int currentCol = 0;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 64; i++) {
    board[currentRow][currentCol] = i + 1;
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
      if (currentRow + horizontal[j] >= 0 &&
        currentRow + horizontal[j] < 8 &&
        currentCol + vertical[j] >= 0 &&
        currentCol + vertical[j] < 8 &&
        board[currentRow + horizontal[j]][currentCol + vertical[j]] == 0
      ) {
        currentRow = currentRow + horizontal[j];
        currentCol = currentCol + vertical[j];
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  printArray(board);
}

void printArray(const array< array< unsigned int, 8 >, 8 > myBoard) {
  for ( unsigned int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    for ( unsigned int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
      cout << '[' << setw(2) << setfill('0') << myBoard[i][j] << "] ";
    }
    cout << endl;
  }
}

输出：

~/Programming/cpp/knight => make
rm -fr build/*
clang++ -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -Weverything -Wno-c++98-compat src/main.cpp -o build/main -Isrc/
src/main.cpp:18:24: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
      if (currentRow + horizontal[j] >= 0 &&
                     ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:18:38: warning: comparison of unsigned expression >= 0 is always true [-Wtautological-compare]
      if (currentRow + horizontal[j] >= 0 &&
          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~
src/main.cpp:19:22: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        currentRow + horizontal[j] < 8 &&
                   ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:20:22: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        currentCol + vertical[j] >= 0 &&
                   ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:20:34: warning: comparison of unsigned expression >= 0 is always true [-Wtautological-compare]
        currentCol + vertical[j] >= 0 &&
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^  ~
src/main.cpp:21:22: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        currentCol + vertical[j] < 8 &&
                   ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:22:28: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        board[currentRow + horizontal[j]][currentCol + vertical[j]] == 0
                         ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:22:56: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        board[currentRow + horizontal[j]][currentCol + vertical[j]] == 0
                                                     ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:24:35: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        currentRow = currentRow + horizontal[j];
                                ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
src/main.cpp:25:35: warning: implicit conversion changes signedness: 'value_type' (aka 'int') to 'unsigned int' [-Wsign-conversion]
        currentCol = currentCol + vertical[j];
                                ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~
10 warnings generated.
./build/main
[01] [24] [09] [00] [00] [26] [37] [00]
[10] [41] [02] [25] [36] [00] [00] [27]
[23] [08] [11] [40] [21] [38] [00] [00]
[64] [03] [22] [35] [00] [00] [28] [00]
[07] [12] [05] [20] [39] [34] [00] [00]
[04] [17] [14] [31] [00] [29] [00] [00]
[13] [06] [19] [16] [33] [00] [00] [00]
[18] [15] [32] [00] [30] [00] [00] [00]

Answer 1

编译器对你说，当你写

currentRow + horizontal[j] >= 0

您将 asigned int与 an相加unsigned int，因此signed int将 转换为 an unsigned int，因此总和的结果是 an unsigned int。Anunsigned int始终大于或等于零。

所以这个测试总是true可能不完全是你想要的。

同样的问题

currentCol + vertical[j] >= 0

更一般地，对于signed/unsigned值的每个总和。

一种选择是将currentRow和定义currentCol为 ( signed)int。

否则，您可以unsigned在将值添加到signed值时适当地转换值

int{currentRow} + horizontal[j] >= 0